--- title: About a billion people live in informal settlements, often called sl… — Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every… · tree and pragmatics description: About a billion people live in informal settlements, often called slums, mostly because cities grow faster than proper homes, pipes and roads can be built. Who acts: billion people, cities. A sentence of the lesson «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history co --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Cities then and now: the biggest citie…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/) / 9 # Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today, sentence 9 About a billion people live in informal settlements, often called slums, mostly because cities grow faster than proper homes, pipes and roads can be built. **Who acts:** billion people, cities · **What happens:** live, call, grow, build · **To what, where:** slums, informal settlements, proper homes · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Cities then and now: the biggest cities of every age and of today» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (billion people, cities), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:074-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today.lesson:9 # text = About a billion people live in informal settlements, often called slums, mostly because cities grow faster than proper homes, pipes and roads can be built. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 074-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 About about ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 2 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 3 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=4:det 3 billion billion NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 nummod _ _ 4 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 live live VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 informal informal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 settlements settlement NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 often often ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 called call VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 acl _ _ 12 slums slum NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 14 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 15 because because SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _ 16 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 17 grow grow VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:parataxis 18 faster fast ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 17 advmod _ _ 19 than than ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 proper proper ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 homes home NOUN NNS Number=Plur 28 nsubj:pass _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 21 punct _ _ 23 pipes pipe NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 conj _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 roads road NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 conj _ _ 26 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 27 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 28 aux:pass _ _ 28 built build VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 17 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:advcl 29 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **live** | present | billion people | slums | | informal settlements | | | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in settlement=Location | | 2 | **call** | participle | | slums *not said here* | | | | often *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **grow** | present | cities | | | | | fast, mostly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **build** | can · passive | | proper homes and pipes and roads | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:074-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Cities then and now: the biggest citie…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/7/) - next →: [Cities then and now: the biggest citie…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/74-the-biggest-cities-of-every-age-and-of-today/)