--- title: About 2,000 years ago Hero of Alexandria made a spinning steam toy,… — Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, ches… · tree and pragmatics description: About 2,000 years ago Hero of Alexandria made a spinning steam toy, but nobody used steam to do work until the first steam engines around 1700; a working engine needed strong metal parts, plenty of fuel like coal and a real job to do, such as pumping water out of mines. Who acts: Hero, nobody, worki --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/75-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, let…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/75-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news/) / 15 # Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news, sentence 15 About 2,000 years ago Hero of Alexandria made a spinning steam toy, but nobody used steam to do work until the first steam engines around 1700; a working engine needed strong metal parts, plenty of fuel like coal and a real job to do, such as pumping water out of mines. **Who acts:** Hero, nobody, working engine, real job · **What happens:** make, spin, use, do, work, need · **To what, where:** spinning steam toy, steam, work, strong metal parts, water This is a sentence of the lesson «Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hero, nobody, working engine, real job), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:075-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news.lesson:15 # text = About 2,000 years ago Hero of Alexandria made a spinning steam toy, but nobody used steam to do work until the first steam engines around 1700; a working engine needed strong metal parts, plenty of fuel like coal and a real job to do, such as pumping water out of mines. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 075-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 About about ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 2 2,000 2000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 nummod _ _ 3 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:obl:unmarked 4 ago ago ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=3:advmod 5 Hero hero PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=8:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 6 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 7 Alexandria Alexandria PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 8 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 10 spinning spin VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 12 amod _ _ 11 steam steam NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 compound _ _ 12 toy toy NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=20:punct 14 but but CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 15 nobody nobody PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Neg 16 nsubj _ _ 16 used use VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 17 steam steam NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 18 to to PART TO _ 19 mark _ _ 19 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:acl 20 work work NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=19:obj|HaikuPos=VERB:VB:VerbForm=Inf 21 until until ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 23 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 25 amod _ _ 24 steam steam NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 25 engines engine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obl _ _ 26 around around ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 1700 1700 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 25 nmod _ _ 28 ; ; PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 working work VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 31 amod _ _ 31 engine engine NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 needed need VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:advcl 33 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 34 metal metal NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 compound _ _ 35 parts part NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obj _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 37 plenty plenty NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=35:appos 38 of of ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 fuel fuel NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nmod _ _ 40 like like ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 coal coal NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 nmod _ _ 42 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 43 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 44 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 45 amod _ _ 45 job job NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 conj _ _ 46 to to PART TO _ 47 mark _ _ 47 do do VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 45 acl _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 49 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=SCONJ 51 mark _ _ 50 as as ADP IN _ 49 fixed _ _ 51 pumping pump VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 45 acl _ _ 52 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 51 obj _ _ 53 out out ADP IN _ 54 fixed _ _ 54 of of ADP IN _ 55 case _ _ 55 mines mine NOUN NNS Number=Plur 51 obl _ _ 56 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | past | Hero of Alexandria | a spinning steam toy | | | | ago *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Product | | 2 | **spin** | gerund | | | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **use** | past | nobody | steam | | | until the first steam engines around 1700 | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent steam=Patient | | 4 | **do** | to-infinitive | nobody *not said here* | work | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent work=Eventuality | | 5 | **work** | gerund | | | | | | | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **need** | past | a working engine | strong metal parts and plenty of fuel like coal and a real job | | | | | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot part=Theme | | 7 | **do** | to-infinitive | a working engine *not said here* | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **pump** | gerund | a real job *not said here* | water | | | | of mines | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent water=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:075-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, let…, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/75-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news/14/) - next →: [Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, let…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/75-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/75-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news/)