--- title: The Phoenicians spread their alphabet around the Mediterranean from… — Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, ches… · tree and pragmatics description: The Phoenicians spread their alphabet around the Mediterranean from about 1050 BCE; the Greeks added vowels, and the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets grew from the Greek one. Who acts: Phoenicians, Greeks, Latin alphabets. A sentence of the lesson «Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and n --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/75-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, let…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/75-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news/) / 9 # Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news, sentence 9 The Phoenicians spread their alphabet around the Mediterranean from about 1050 BCE; the Greeks added vowels, and the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets grew from the Greek one. **Who acts:** Phoenicians, Greeks, Latin alphabets · **What happens:** spread, add, grow · **To what, where:** alphabet, Mediterranean, vowels This is a sentence of the lesson «Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, letters, chess and news» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Phoenicians, Greeks, Latin alphabets), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:075-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news.lesson:9 # text = The Phoenicians spread their alphabet around the Mediterranean from about 1050 BCE; the Greeks added vowels, and the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets grew from the Greek one. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 075-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 Phoenicians Phoenician PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 spread spread VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 alphabet alphabet NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 6 around around ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 Mediterranean Mediterranean PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 9 from from ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 about about ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 11 1050 1050 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 obl _ _ 12 BCE BCE PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 flat _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 Greeks Greek PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 16 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=16:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 16 added add VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 17 vowels vowel NOUN NNS Number=Plur 16 obj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=21:punct 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:det 21 Latin Latin ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=24:amod|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 23 Cyrillic cyrillic ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=24:amod 24 alphabets alphabet NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 25 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=16:conj 26 from from ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 Greek Greek ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 30 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=narrate | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **spread** | past | the Phoenicians | Phoenicians's alphabet | | the Mediterranean | | from 1050 | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent alphabet=Theme around mediterranean=Destination | | 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | past | the Greeks | vowels | | | | | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent vowel=Patient | | 3 | **grow** | past | the Latin alphabets | | | | | from the Greek one | vn grow-26.2.1 «NP.product V PP.patient»: agent=Product from one=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:075-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, let…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/75-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news/8/) - next →: [Ideas on the move: numbers, paper, let…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/75-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/75-ideas-on-the-move-numbers-paper-letters-chess-and-news/)