---
title: Between 1945 and 1975 dozens of colonies in Africa and Asia became i… — When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and… · tree and pragmatics
description: Between 1945 and 1975 dozens of colonies in Africa and Asia became independent; Ghana in 1957 is often called the first in sub-Saharan Africa to free itself from colonial rule, though Sudan, independent in 1956, is sometimes counted first. Who acts: dozens. A sentence of the lesson «When civilizatio
---

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# When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides, sentence 10

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Between 1945 and 1975 dozens of colonies in Africa and Asia became independent; Ghana in 1957 is often called the first in sub-Saharan Africa to free itself from colonial rule, though Sudan, independent in 1956, is sometimes counted first.

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**Who acts:** dozens · **What happens:** become, call, free, count · **To what, where:** Ghana, protest, colonial rule, Sudan · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dozens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson:10
# text = Between 1945 and 1975 dozens of colonies in Africa and Asia became independent; Ghana in 1957 is often called the first in sub-Saharan Africa to free itself from colonial rule, though Sudan, independent in 1956, is sometimes counted first.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2
1	Between	between	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1945	1945	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	12	obl	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	1975	1975	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	conj	_	_
5	dozens	dozen	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	colonies	colony	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	Asia	Asia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	independent	independent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
15	Ghana	Ghana	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	1957	1957	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	15	nmod	_	_
18	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux:pass	_	_
19	often	often	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	parataxis	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	20	xcomp	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	sub-Saharan	sub-Saharan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	flat	_	_
26	to	to	PART	TO	_	27	mark	_	_
27	free	free	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	acl	_	_
28	itself	itself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Emp|Reflex=Yes	27	obj	_	_
29	from	from	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	colonial	colonial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:compound|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing
31	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	42	mark	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=42:case
34	Sudan	Sudan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	nsubj:pass	_	_
35	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
36	independent	independent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	1956	1956	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	36	obl	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
40	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	42	aux:pass	_	_
41	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	42	advmod	_	_
42	counted	count	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	advcl	_	_
43	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	42	advmod	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | past | dozens of colonies in Africa and Asia |  |  |  |  | between 1945; independent *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | present · passive |  | Ghana in 1957 |  |  |  | first, often *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 3 | **free** | to-infinitive |  | protest |  | colonial rule |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer itself=Source |
| 4 | **count** | present · passive |  | Sudan |  |  |  | first, sometimes *property* | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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