--- title: British soldiers took the Benin Bronzes from the Kingdom of Benin, i… — When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and… · tree and pragmatics description: British soldiers took the Benin Bronzes from the Kingdom of Benin, in today's Nigeria, in 1897; in 2022 Germany agreed to return over a thousand of them and began handing some back. Who acts: British soldiers, Germany. A sentence of the lesson «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [When civilizations meet: conquest, col…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/) / 16 # When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides, sentence 16 British soldiers took the Benin Bronzes from the Kingdom of Benin, in today's Nigeria, in 1897; in 2022 Germany agreed to return over a thousand of them and began handing some back. **Who acts:** British soldiers, Germany · **What happens:** take, agree, return, begin, hand back · **To what, where:** Benin Bronzes, Kingdom, 2022, thousand, some This is a sentence of the lesson «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (British soldiers, Germany), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson:16 # text = British soldiers took the Benin Bronzes from the Kingdom of Benin, in today's Nigeria, in 1897; in 2022 Germany agreed to return over a thousand of them and began handing some back. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 British British ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 soldiers soldier NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 Benin Benin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 Bronzes bronze PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 3 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 7 from from ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 Kingdom Kingdom PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 Benin Benin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 9 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 14 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nmod:poss _ _ 15 's 's PART POS _ 14 case _ _ 16 Nigeria Nigeria PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 1897 1897 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 obl _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 2022 2022 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 24 obl _ _ 23 Germany Germany PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 agreed agree VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 25 to to PART TO _ 26 mark _ _ 26 return return VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 xcomp _ _ 27 over over ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=29:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 thousand thousand NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 26 obj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=26:obl 30 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nmod _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 conj _ _ 34 handing hand VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 33 xcomp _ _ 35 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 34 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=36:det 36 back back ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=34:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 37 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=narrate | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **take** | past | British soldiers | the Benin Bronzes | | the Kingdom of Benin | | in today's Nigeria; in 1897 | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent bronze=Theme from kingdom=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **agree** *speech: agree* | past | Germany | | | 2022 | | | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **return** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Germany *not said here* | a thousand of soldiers | | | | | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thousand=Theme | | 4 | **begin** | past | Germany *not said here* | | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | | 5 | **hand back** | gerund | Germany *not said here* | some | | | | | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×3, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [When civilizations meet: conquest, col…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/15/) - next →: [What was lost and what was gained: lan…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/)