--- title: People reached the Americas at least 15,000 years ago, and millions… — When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and… · tree and pragmatics description: People reached the Americas at least 15,000 years ago, and millions lived there in 1492 in cities, farms and villages; Norse sailors had reached Newfoundland around 1000, and Columbus began lasting contact between Europe and the Americas. Who acts: People, millions, Norse sailors, Columbus. A senten --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [When civilizations meet: conquest, col…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/) / 5 # When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides, sentence 5 People reached the Americas at least 15,000 years ago, and millions lived there in 1492 in cities, farms and villages; Norse sailors had reached Newfoundland around 1000, and Columbus began lasting contact between Europe and the Americas. **Who acts:** People, millions, Norse sailors, Columbus · **What happens:** reach, live, begin · **To what, where:** Americas, 1492, Newfoundland, 1000, lasting contact This is a sentence of the lesson «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (People, millions, Norse sailors, Columbus), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson:5 # text = People reached the Americas at least 15,000 years ago, and millions lived there in 1492 in cities, farms and villages; Norse sailors had reached Newfoundland around 1000, and Columbus began lasting contact between Europe and the Americas. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 People people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 reached reach VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 Americas Americas PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 at at ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 least least ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 7 nmod _ _ 7 15,000 15000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 8 nummod _ _ 8 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 obl:unmarked _ _ 9 ago ago ADV RB _ 2 advmod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 13 lived live VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 14 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 13 advmod _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 1492 1492 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 13 obl _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 obl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 farms farm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=18:appos 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 villages village NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 conj _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 24 Norse norse ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 sailors sailor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 26 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 27 reached reach VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 2 parataxis _ _ 28 Newfoundland Newfoundland PROPN NNP Number=Sing 27 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=27:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 29 around around ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 1000 1000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 27 obl _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 33 Columbus Columbus PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 34 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 27 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:conj 35 lasting lasting ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 contact contact NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 37 between between ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 nmod _ _ 39 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 Americas Americas PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 38 conj _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **reach** | past | People | the Americas | | | | ago *property* | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent americas=Theme | | 2 | **live** | past | millions | | | 1492; there | | in cities and farms and villages | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in 1492=Location | | 3 | **reach** | past · perfect | Norse sailors | Newfoundland | | 1000 | | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent newfoundland=Theme | | 4 | **begin** | past | Columbus | lasting contact | | | | between Europe and the Americas | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent contact=Eventuality | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson:5`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [When civilizations meet: conquest, col…, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/4/) - next →: [When civilizations meet: conquest, col…, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/6/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/)