--- title: Hernán Cortés had a few hundred Spanish soldiers but tens of thousan… — When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and… · tree and pragmatics description: Hernán Cortés had a few hundred Spanish soldiers but tens of thousands of Indigenous allies, such as the Tlaxcalans, who hated Aztec rule; smallpox struck the Aztec capital in 1520, and the allies later found themselves under Spanish rule. Who acts: Hernán, Tlaxcalans, smallpox, allies. A sentence o --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [When civilizations meet: conquest, col…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/) / 6 # When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides, sentence 6 Hernán Cortés had a few hundred Spanish soldiers but tens of thousands of Indigenous allies, such as the Tlaxcalans, who hated Aztec rule; smallpox struck the Aztec capital in 1520, and the allies later found themselves under Spanish rule. **Who acts:** Hernán, Tlaxcalans, smallpox, allies · **What happens:** have, hate, strike, find · **To what, where:** few hundred Spanish soldiers, Aztec rule, Aztec capital, 1520, allies, Spanish rule This is a sentence of the lesson «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hernán, Tlaxcalans, smallpox, allies), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson:6 # text = Hernán Cortés had a few hundred Spanish soldiers but tens of thousands of Indigenous allies, such as the Tlaxcalans, who hated Aztec rule; smallpox struck the Aztec capital in 1520, and the allies later found themselves under Spanish rule. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Hernán Hernán PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 Cortés Cortés PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 flat _ _ 3 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 5 few few ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 6 hundred hundred NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 8 nummod _ _ 7 Spanish Spanish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 soldiers soldier NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 9 but but CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 tens ten NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 conj _ _ 11 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 thousands thousand NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nmod _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 Indigenous Indigenous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 allies ally NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 nmod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 17 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 20 case _ _ 18 as as ADP IN _ 17 fixed _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 Tlaxcalans tlaxcalan PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 15 nmod _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 22 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 23 nsubj _ _ 23 hated hate VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 acl:relcl _ _ 24 Aztec Aztec PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 compound _ _ 25 rule rule NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 27 smallpox smallpox NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 28 struck strike VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 Aztec Aztec PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 31 capital capital NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 1520 1520 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 28 obl _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 allies ally NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj _ _ 38 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 39 advmod _ _ 39 found find VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=3:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 40 themselves themselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 39 obj _ _ 41 under under ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 42 Spanish Spanish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 43 amod _ _ 43 rule rule NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ _ 44 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | Hernán | a few hundred Spanish soldiers but tens of thousands of Indigenous allies such the Tlaxcalans | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soldier=Patient | | 2 | **hate** | past | the Tlaxcalans | Aztec rule | | | | | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer rule=Stimulus | | 3 | **strike** | past | smallpox | the Aztec capital | | 1520 | | | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent capital=Patient | | 4 | **find** | past | the allies | allies *= ally* | | Spanish rule | | late *property* | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [When civilizations meet: conquest, col…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/5/) - next →: [When civilizations meet: conquest, col…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/)