--- title: India won independence in 1947 after a long movement, with Gandhi le… — When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and… · tree and pragmatics description: India won independence in 1947 after a long movement, with Gandhi leading non-violent protest, and was split into India and Pakistan, which forced millions of people to leave their homes. Who acts: India, Gandhi, Pakistan, millions. A sentence of the lesson «When civilizations meet: conquest, coloni --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [When civilizations meet: conquest, col…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/) / 9 # When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides, sentence 9 India won independence in 1947 after a long movement, with Gandhi leading non-violent protest, and was split into India and Pakistan, which forced millions of people to leave their homes. **Who acts:** India, Gandhi, Pakistan, millions · **What happens:** win, lead, split, force, leave · **To what, where:** independence, 1947, non-violent protest, India, millions, homes This is a sentence of the lesson «When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (India, Gandhi, Pakistan, millions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson:9 # text = India won independence in 1947 after a long movement, with Gandhi leading non-violent protest, and was split into India and Pakistan, which forced millions of people to leave their homes. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 won win VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 independence independence NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 1947 1947 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 2 obl _ _ 6 after after ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 long long ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 movement movement NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 with with SCONJ IN _ 13 mark _ _ 12 Gandhi Gandhi PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 13 leading lead VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ _ 14 non-violent non-violent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 protest protest NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 18 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 aux:pass _ _ 19 split split VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 13 conj _ _ 20 into into ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 Pakistan Pakistan PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 conj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 26 nsubj _ _ 26 forced force VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 acl:relcl _ _ 27 millions million NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obj _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nmod _ _ 30 to to PART TO _ 31 mark _ _ 31 leave leave VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 26 xcomp _ _ 32 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 33 nmod:poss _ _ 33 homes home NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obj _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **win** | past | India | independence | | 1947 | after a long movement | | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent independence=Eventuality | | 2 | **lead** | gerund | Gandhi | non-violent protest | | | | | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent protest=Theme | | 3 | **split** | past · passive | Gandhi *not said here* | | | | | into India and Pakistan *result* | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: into india=Result | | 4 | **force** | past | Pakistan | millions of people | | | | | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent million=Recipient clause=Topic | | 5 | **leave** | to-infinitive | millions of people *not said here* | people's homes | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent home=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:076-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [When civilizations meet: conquest, col…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/8/) - next →: [When civilizations meet: conquest, col…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/)