--- title: What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge — a lesson of Mova's school · trees and pragmatics description: «What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge», a lesson of the history course of Mova's primary school, sentence by sentence with dependency trees and pragmatics. It begins: When two rivers meet, the water mixes into something new, but some fish from each river are lost; --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / What was lost and what was gained: lan… # What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge Lesson 77 of the history course of Mova's primary school: 13 sentences, each with its syntax tree and pragmatics. The lessons are written for Mova, and their agreed trees are part of Mova corpus 0.4 (CC BY-SA 4.0). How Mova does on its tests: [the lesson at school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/school-run/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/). - [0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/0/) — When two rivers meet, the water mixes into something new, but some fish from each river are lost; when peoples met, they too made new things, like jazz, Haitian Creole, mestizo culture and fish and chips, and lost others, like burned books and languages that nearly fell silent. - [2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/2/) — Knowledge flowed both ways: Andean peoples knew that cinchona bark helped with fever, which gave the world quinine against malaria, and maize, potatoes and rubber came from Indigenous farmers. - [3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/3/) — Some questions are still argued today, like who should keep the Parthenon marbles, and some have been settled by respect, like closing the climb on Uluru. - [4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/4/) — History is not about blaming children today; it is about understanding what was lost and gained, and treating each other fairly now. - [5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/5/) — About 7,000 languages are spoken today, and around 4 in 10 are endangered; Māori language nests, kōhanga reo, began in 1982, and Hebrew was revived as an everyday language around 1900. - [6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/6/) — Welsh, once discouraged in schools, is now taught in every school in Wales, and the Welsh government aims for a million speakers by 2050. - [7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/7/) — Meetings of peoples created new peoples, cultures and languages, like mestizo culture in Mexico and creole languages such as Haitian Creole, which grew from French and African languages. - [8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/8/) — Jazz and blues grew among African American communities, mixing African rhythms with European instruments; reggae and hip-hop also came from such mixing. - [9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/9/) — Fried fish came to Britain with Jewish immigrants from Portugal and Spain; Japanese tempura grew from Portuguese cooking in the 1500s; where chicken tikka masala was first made is argued between Britain and India. - [10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/10/) — Fewer than 20 books from before the Spanish conquest survive from Mexico and Central America, because many were burned by Spanish priests or lost. - [11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/11/) — Quinine, from the bark of the cinchona tree, was known to Andean peoples and became the main medicine for malaria for centuries; maize, potatoes and rubber also came from Indigenous peoples of the Americas. - [12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/12/) — Indigenous populations fell in many places after contact but are growing again; about 1 in 6 New Zealanders is Māori. - [14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/14/) — Uluru in Australia, once called Ayers Rock, is sacred to the Anangu people, and climbing it was banned in 2019 to respect them. - ← previous: [When civilizations meet: conquest, colonies and freedom, seen from both sides](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/76-when-civilizations-meet-seen-from-both-sides/) - next →: [Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich/) - ↑ back to [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/)