--- title: Quinine, from the bark of the cinchona tree, was known to Andean peo… — What was lost and what was gained: languages, fo… · tree and pragmatics description: Quinine, from the bark of the cinchona tree, was known to Andean peoples and became the main medicine for malaria for centuries; maize, potatoes and rubber also came from Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Who acts: maize. A sentence of the lesson «What was lost and what was gained: languages, food --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [What was lost and what was gained: lan…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/) / 11 # What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge, sentence 11 Quinine, from the bark of the cinchona tree, was known to Andean peoples and became the main medicine for malaria for centuries; maize, potatoes and rubber also came from Indigenous peoples of the Americas. **Who acts:** maize · **What happens:** know, become, come · **To what, where:** Quinine, main medicine This is a sentence of the lesson «What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (maize), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:077-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained.lesson:11 # text = Quinine, from the bark of the cinchona tree, was known to Andean peoples and became the main medicine for malaria for centuries; maize, potatoes and rubber also came from Indigenous peoples of the Americas. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 077-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Quinine quinine PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nsubj:pass _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=12:nsubj:pass|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 2 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 3 from from ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 bark bark NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 appos _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 cinchona cinchona NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 compound _ _ 9 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 11 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux:pass _ _ 12 known know VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 13 to to ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 Andean andean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obl _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 became become VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 main main ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 medicine medicine NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:obj 21 for for ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 malaria malaria NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nmod _ _ 23 for for ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 centuries century NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=22:nmod 25 ; ; PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 26 maize maize NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 28 potatoes potato NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=32:nsubj 29 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 30 rubber rubber NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 conj _ _ 31 also also ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 32 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 parataxis _ _ 33 from from ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 Indigenous Indigenous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=35:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 35 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obl _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 Americas Americas PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 35 nmod _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **know** | past · passive | | Quinine | | | | to Andean peoples | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus | | 2 | **become** | past | | the main medicine for malaria | | | century | | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | | 3 | **come** | past | maize and potatoes and rubber | | | | | from Indigenous peoples of the Americas | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from people=Initial\_Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:077-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [What was lost and what was gained: lan…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/10/) - next →: [What was lost and what was gained: lan…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/)