--- title: Knowledge flowed both ways: Andean peoples knew that cinchona bark h… — What was lost and what was gained: languages, fo… · tree and pragmatics description: Knowledge flowed both ways: Andean peoples knew that cinchona bark helped with fever, which gave the world quinine against malaria, and maize, potatoes and rubber came from Indigenous farmers. Who acts: Knowledge, Andean peoples, cinchona bark, fever. A sentence of the lesson «What was lost and what --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [What was lost and what was gained: lan…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/) / 2 # What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge, sentence 2 Knowledge flowed both ways: Andean peoples knew that cinchona bark helped with fever, which gave the world quinine against malaria, and maize, potatoes and rubber came from Indigenous farmers. **Who acts:** Knowledge, Andean peoples, cinchona bark, fever, maize · **What happens:** flow, know, help, give, come · **To what, where:** ways, world quinine · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «What was lost and what was gained: languages, foods, music and knowledge» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Knowledge, Andean peoples, cinchona bark, fever), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:077-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained.lesson:2 # text = Knowledge flowed both ways: Andean peoples knew that cinchona bark helped with fever, which gave the world quinine against malaria, and maize, potatoes and rubber came from Indigenous farmers. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 077-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Knowledge knowledge NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 flowed flow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 both both DET DT PronType=Tot 4 det _ _ 4 ways way NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obl:unmarked _ _ 5 : : PUNCT : _ 8 punct _ _ 6 Andean andean ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 8 knew know VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 9 that that SCONJ IN _ 12 mark _ _ 10 cinchona cinchona NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 bark bark NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 12 helped help VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 ccomp _ _ 13 with with ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 fever fever NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 16 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 17 nsubj _ _ 17 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 acl:relcl _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:det 19 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 20 quinine quinine NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 21 against against ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 malaria malaria NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nmod _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=25:punct 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 25 maize maize NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 27 potatoes potato NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 conj _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 rubber rubber NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 conj _ _ 30 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 conj _ _ 31 from from ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 Indigenous Indigenous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 33 farmers farmer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **flow** | past | Knowledge | both ways | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **know** | past | Andean peoples | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 3 | **help** | past | cinchona bark | | | | | with fever | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with fever=Theme | | 4 | **give** | past | fever | world quinine | | | | against malaria | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent quinine=Theme | | 5 | **come** | past | maize and potatoes and rubber | | | | | from Indigenous farmers | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from farmer=Initial\_Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:077-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [What was lost and what was gained: lan…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/0/) - next →: [What was lost and what was gained: lan…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/77-what-was-lost-and-what-was-gained/)