--- title: The UN says we reached 8 billion people in November 2022 and expects… — Humanity today: how many we are, how long we liv… · tree and pragmatics description: The UN says we reached 8 billion people in November 2022 and expects the number to peak at about 10.3 billion in the 2080s and then slowly fall, because families almost everywhere are getting smaller. Who acts: UN, we, number, families. A sentence of the lesson «Humanity today: how many we are, how --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich/1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Humanity today: how many we are, how l…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich/) / 1 # Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich, sentence 1 The UN says we reached 8 billion people in November 2022 and expects the number to peak at about 10.3 billion in the 2080s and then slowly fall, because families almost everywhere are getting smaller. **Who acts:** UN, we, number, families · **What happens:** say, reach, expect, peak, fall, get · **To what, where:** billion people, number, 10.3 billion · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (UN, we, number, families), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:078-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich.lesson:1 # text = The UN says we reached 8 billion people in November 2022 and expects the number to peak at about 10.3 billion in the 2080s and then slowly fall, because families almost everywhere are getting smaller. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 078-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 UN UN PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 says say VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _ 5 reached reach VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 6 8 8 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 7 compound _ _ 7 billion billion NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 8 nummod _ _ 8 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 obj _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 November November PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 11 2022 2022 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 10 nmod:unmarked _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 13 expects expect VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:conj 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 number number NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 16 to to PART TO _ 17 mark _ _ 17 peak peak VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 xcomp _ _ 18 at at ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 19 about about ADV RB _ 20 advmod _ _ 20 10.3 10.3 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 21 compound _ _ 21 billion billion NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 17 obl _ _ 22 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 2080s 2080 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 17 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=21:nmod 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 26 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 28 advmod _ _ 27 slowly slowly ADV RB _ 28 advmod _ _ 28 fall fall VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 conj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 30 because because SCONJ IN _ 35 mark _ _ 31 families family NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nsubj _ _ 32 almost almost ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 33 everywhere everywhere ADV RB PronType=Tot 31 advmod _ _ 34 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 getting get VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 17 advcl _ _ 36 smaller small ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 35 xcomp _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the UN | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **reach** | past | we | billion people | | | november | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent people=Theme | | 3 | **expect** | present | the UN *not said here* | the number | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **peak** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the number *not said here* | | | 10.3 billion | | in the 2080s | tree rules | | 5 | **fall** | infinitive | the number *not said here* | | | | then | slowly *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **get** | present · progressive | families | | | | | small *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:078-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich.lesson:1`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. 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