--- title: Big numbers are always estimates, and in a war, as in Ukraine since… — Humanity today: how many we are, how long we liv… · tree and pragmatics description: Big numbers are always estimates, and in a war, as in Ukraine since 2022, even counting people becomes hard. Who acts: Big numbers, counting. A sentence of the lesson «Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its de --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Humanity today: how many we are, how l…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich/) / 4 # Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich, sentence 4 Big numbers are always estimates, and in a war, as in Ukraine since 2022, even counting people becomes hard. **Who acts:** Big numbers, counting · **What happens:** be, count, become · **To what, where:** estimates, people, war This is a sentence of the lesson «Humanity today: how many we are, how long we live, how poor and how rich» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Big numbers, counting), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:078-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich.lesson:4 # text = Big numbers are always estimates, and in a war, as in Ukraine since 2022, even counting people becomes hard. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 078-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Big big ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 numbers number NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 3 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 always always ADV RB PronType=Tot 5 advmod _ _ 5 estimates estimate NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 9 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:obl 11 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=14:punct 12 as as ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 Ukraine Ukraine PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 appos _ _ 15 since since ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 2022 2022 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 5 obl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 even even ADV RB _ 19 advmod _ _ 19 counting count VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 21 csubj _ _ 20 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 21 becomes become VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 22 hard hard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 xcomp _ _ 23 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Big numbers | estimates | | | since 2022 | always *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **count** | gerund | | people | | | | | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme | | 3 | **become** | present | counting | | | | | in a war *result*; hard *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in war=Result | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:078-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Humanity today: how many we are, how l…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich/3/) - next →: [Humanity today: how many we are, how l…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/78-humanity-today-how-many-how-long-how-rich/)