--- title: Indian mathematicians were the first to treat zero as a real number… — Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers · tree and pragmatics description: Indian mathematicians were the first to treat zero as a real number you can add and subtract with, writing it as a dot or a circle. Who acts: Indian mathematicians, you. A sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dep --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our nu…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/) / 11 # Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers, sentence 11 Indian mathematicians were the first to treat zero as a real number you can add and subtract with, writing it as a dot or a circle. **Who acts:** Indian mathematicians, you · **What happens:** be, treat, add, subtract, write · **To what, where:** zero, real number This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Indian mathematicians, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson:11 # text = Indian mathematicians were the first to treat zero as a real number you can add and subtract with, writing it as a dot or a circle. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Indian Indian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 mathematicians mathematician NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 3 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 first first ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 0 root _ _ 6 to to PART TO _ 7 mark _ _ 7 treat treat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 advcl _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:acl 8 zero zero NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 9 as as ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 number number NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 13 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 14 can can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 15 aux _ _ 15 add add VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 12 acl:relcl _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 subtract subtract VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 conj _ _ 18 with with ADP IN _ 17 obl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 writing write VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 15 advcl _ _ 21 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ _ 22 as as ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 24 det _ _ 24 dot dot NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 25 or or CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 26 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 circle circle NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 conj _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | Indian mathematicians | | | | | first *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **treat** | to-infinitive | Indian mathematicians *not said here* | zero | | | | as a real number | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent zero=Theme as number=Attribute | | 3 | **add** *speech: assert* | can | you | a real number *not said here* | | | | | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Patient | | 4 | **subtract** | infinitive | you *not said here* | | | | | | vn multiply-108-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **write** | gerund | you *not said here* | zero | | | | as a dot or a circle | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent it=Result as dot=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our nu…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/10/) - next →: [Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our nu…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/)