--- title: India traded pepper, cinnamon, cotton cloth and precious stones with… — Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers · tree and pragmatics description: India traded pepper, cinnamon, cotton cloth and precious stones with Rome, Arabia and China; pepper did not grow in Italy, so in Rome it was rare and costly. Who acts: India, pepper, chess. A sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's primary --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our nu…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/) / 16 # Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers, sentence 16 India traded pepper, cinnamon, cotton cloth and precious stones with Rome, Arabia and China; pepper did not grow in Italy, so in Rome it was rare and costly. **Who acts:** India, pepper, chess · **What happens:** trade, not grow, be · **To what, where:** pepper, Italy, Rome This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (India, pepper, chess), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson:16 # text = India traded pepper, cinnamon, cotton cloth and precious stones with Rome, Arabia and China; pepper did not grow in Italy, so in Rome it was rare and costly. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 traded trade VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 pepper pepper NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 5 cinnamon cinnamon NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 cotton cotton NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 compound _ _ 8 cloth cloth NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 precious precious ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 11 stones stone NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=8:conj 12 with with ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 Rome Rome PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 Arabia Arabia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 China China PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 conj _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 19 pepper pepper NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 20 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 21 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 22 advmod _ _ 22 grow grow VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 23 in in ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 Italy Italy PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 26 so so ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 Rome Rome PROPN NNP Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 29 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 31 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=31:expl 30 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 31 rare rare ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 parataxis _ _ 32 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 33 costly costly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 conj _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **trade** | past | India | pepper and cinnamon and cotton cloth and precious stones | | | | with Rome and Arabia and China | vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent pepper=Theme with rome=Co-Agent | | 2 | **not** **grow** | past · do-support | pepper | | | Italy | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in italy=Location | | 3 | **is** | past | chess | | | Rome | | rare *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **be** | | chess *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our nu…, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/15/) - next →: [Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our nu…, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/)