--- title: He had messages carved on rocks and tall pillars across India, askin… — Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers · tree and pragmatics description: He had messages carved on rocks and tall pillars across India, asking people to be kind, respect all religions and treat animals well, and he sent teachers to spread the Buddha's teaching as far as Sri Lanka. Who acts: Ashoka, Buddha. A sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our num --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our nu…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/) / 2 # Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers, sentence 2 He had messages carved on rocks and tall pillars across India, asking people to be kind, respect all religions and treat animals well, and he sent teachers to spread the Buddha's teaching as far as Sri Lanka. **Who acts:** Ashoka, Buddha · **What happens:** have, carve, ask, be, respect, treat · **To what, where:** messages, rocks, people, religions, animals, teachers This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ashoka, Buddha), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson:2 # text = He had messages carved on rocks and tall pillars across India, asking people to be kind, respect all religions and treat animals well, and he sent teachers to spread the Buddha's teaching as far as Sri Lanka. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 messages message NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 4 carved carve VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 acl _ _ 5 on on ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 rocks rock NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 8 tall tall ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 pillars pillar NOUN NNS Number=Plur 6 conj _ _ 10 across across ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 asking ask VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 4 conj _ _ 14 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 iobj _ _ 15 to to PART TO _ 17 mark _ _ 16 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 17 cop _ _ 17 kind kind ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 xcomp _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 respect respect VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 conj _ _ 20 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 21 det _ _ 21 religions religion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 23 treat treat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 conj _ _ 24 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 25 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 23 advmod _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 28 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 29 sent send VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 30 teachers teacher NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obj _ _ 31 to to PART TO _ 32 mark _ _ 32 spread spread VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 acl _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 Buddha Buddha PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 nmod:poss _ _ 35 's 's PART POS _ 34 case _ _ 36 teaching teaching NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obj _ _ 37 as as ADV RB _ 38 advmod _ _ 38 far far ADV RB Degree=Pos 32 advmod _ _ 39 as as ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 40 Sri Sri PROPN NNP Number=Sing 38 obl _ _ 41 Lanka Lanka PROPN NNP Number=Sing 40 flat _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | Ashoka | messages | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent message=Patient | | 2 | **carve** | participle | | messages *not said here* | | rocks across India and tall pillars | | | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on rock=Destination | | 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | gerund | | | people | | | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent people=Recipient | | 4 | **is** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | | | | | | kind *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **respect** | infinitive | | all religions | | | | | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer religion=Stimulus | | 6 | **treat** | infinitive | | | animals | | | well *property* | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent animal=Recipient | | 7 | **send** | past | Ashoka | teachers | | | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent teacher=Theme | | 8 | **spread** | to-infinitive | Ashoka *not said here* | the Buddha's teaching | | | | far *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location teaching=Theme | | 9 | **teach** | | the Buddha | | | | | | nom teaching «act transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our nu…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/0/) - next →: [Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our nu…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/3/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/)