---
title: Later, under the Gupta kings, came a golden age of science and art. — Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers · tree and pragmatics
description: Later, under the Gupta kings, came a golden age of science and art. Who acts: golden age. A sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers, sentence 3

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Later, under the Gupta kings, came a golden age of science and art.

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**Who acts:** golden age · **What happens:** come

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (golden age), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:history:008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson:3
# text = Later, under the Gupta kings, came a golden age of science and art.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = history
# lesson = 008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	Later	later	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Gupta	Gupta	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	golden	golden	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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No stored speech act for this sentence.

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | a golden age of science and art |  |  |  |  | under the Gupta kings; later *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme under king=Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson:3`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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