--- title: Indian mathematicians treated zero as a real number, and the digits… — Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers · tree and pragmatics description: Indian mathematicians treated zero as a real number, and the digits 0 to 9 on your calculator were invented in India. A sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our nu…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/) / 4 # Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers, sentence 4 Indian mathematicians treated zero as a real number, and the digits 0 to 9 on your calculator were invented in India. **What happens:** treat, invent · **To what, where:** Indian mathematicians, India This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson:4 # text = Indian mathematicians treated zero as a real number, and the digits 0 to 9 on your calculator were invented in India. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3 1 Indian Indian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 mathematicians mathematician NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj:pass _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=20:nsubj:pass 3 treated treat VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:acl|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 4 zero zero ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 as as ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 7 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 number number NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 10 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 digits digit NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 conj _ _ 13 0 0 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 12 flat _ _ 14 to to ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 15 9 9 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 13 nmod _ _ 16 on on ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 your your PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ _ 18 calculator calculator NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 19 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux:pass _ _ 20 invented invent VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=0:root 21 in in ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 India India PROPN NNP Number=Sing 20 obl _ _ 23 . . PUNCT . _ 20 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **treat** | past · passive | | Indian mathematicians and the digits | | | | as a real number; zero *property* | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Theme as number=Attribute | | 2 | **invent** | past · passive | | | | India | | | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our nu…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/3/) - next →: [Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our nu…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/)