--- title: That little circle is one of the cleverest ideas ever, and it reache… — Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers · tree and pragmatics description: That little circle is one of the cleverest ideas ever, and it reached Europe through Arab scholars, which is why people wrongly call the digits Arabic. Who acts: little circle, circle, people. A sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's prim --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our nu…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/) / 6 # Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers, sentence 6 That little circle is one of the cleverest ideas ever, and it reached Europe through Arab scholars, which is why people wrongly call the digits Arabic. **Who acts:** little circle, circle, people · **What happens:** be, reach, call · **To what, where:** one, Europe, Arab scholars, digits · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our numbers» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (little circle, circle, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson:6 # text = That little circle is one of the cleverest ideas ever, and it reached Europe through Arab scholars, which is why people wrongly call the digits Arabic. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 That that DET DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 det _ _ 2 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 circle circle NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 5 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 0 root _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 cleverest clever ADJ JJS Degree=Sup 9 amod _ _ 9 ideas idea NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nmod _ _ 10 ever ever ADV RB PronType=Ind 9 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:advmod 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 13 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 14 reached reach VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 15 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 obj _ _ 16 through through ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 Arab Arab ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 scholars scholar NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 obl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 22 nsubj _ _ 21 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 cop _ _ 22 why why ADV WRB PronType=Rel 5 acl:relcl _ _ 23 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nsubj _ _ 24 wrongly wrongly ADV RB _ 25 advmod _ _ 25 call call VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 22 advcl:relcl _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 digits digit NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 obj _ _ 28 Arabic Arabic PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 xcomp _ _ 29 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=22:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | that little circle | one | | | | of the cleverest ideas | tree rules | | 2 | **reach** | past | circle | Europe | | Arab scholars | | | vn body\_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent europe=Theme | | 3 | **is** | present | | | | | | why *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **call** | present | people | the digits | | | | wrongly *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent digit=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:008-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our nu…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/5/) - next →: [Ancient India: Ashoka, zero and our nu…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/8-ancient-india-ashoka-zero-and-our-numbers/)