--- title: Many early cars were started by turning a starting handle at the fro… — Toad's Edwardian England: early motor cars, cara… · tree and pragmatics description: Many early cars were started by turning a starting handle at the front; it could kick back and hurt the driver's arm, and electric starters only came in from about 1912. Who acts: handle, electric starters. A sentence of the lesson «Toad's Edwardian England: early motor cars, caravans, steam trains, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/83-toad-s-edwardian-england-early-motor-cars-caravans-steam-trains-wash-day-and-gold-sovereigns/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Toad's Edwardian England: early motor…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/83-toad-s-edwardian-england-early-motor-cars-caravans-steam-trains-wash-day-and-gold-sovereigns/) / 11 # Toad's Edwardian England: early motor cars, caravans, steam trains, wash day and gold sovereigns, sentence 11 Many early cars were started by turning a starting handle at the front; it could kick back and hurt the driver's arm, and electric starters only came in from about 1912. **Who acts:** handle, electric starters · **What happens:** start, turn, kick back, hurt, come in · **To what, where:** Many early cars, starting handle, front, arm, 1912 This is a sentence of the lesson «Toad's Edwardian England: early motor cars, caravans, steam trains, wash day and gold sovereigns» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (handle, electric starters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:083-toad-s-edwardian-england-early-motor-cars-caravans-steam-trains-wash-day-and-gold-sovereigns.lesson:11 # text = Many early cars were started by turning a starting handle at the front; it could kick back and hurt the driver's arm, and electric starters only came in from about 1912. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 083-toad-s-edwardian-england-early-motor-cars-caravans-steam-trains-wash-day-and-gold-sovereigns.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 2 early early ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 cars car NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 started start VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 by by SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 7 turning turn VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 advcl _ _ 8 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 starting starting NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 handle handle NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 11 at at ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 front front NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 15 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 16 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 17 aux _ _ 17 kick kick VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:advcl 18 back back ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 hurt hurt VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBD:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 driver driver NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nmod:poss _ _ 23 's 's PART POS _ 22 case _ _ 24 arm arm NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 27 electric electric ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 starters starter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 nsubj _ _ 29 only only ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 30 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=20:conj 31 in in ADV RB _ 30 advmod _ _ 32 from from ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 about about ADV RB _ 34 advmod _ _ 34 1912 1912 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 30 obl _ _ 35 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **start** | past · passive | | Many early cars | | | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality | | 2 | **turn** | gerund | | a starting handle | | the front | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent handle=Theme | | 3 | **kick back** | could | handle | | | | | | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **hurt** | infinitive | handle *not said here* | the driver's arm | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer arm=Patient | | 5 | **come in** | past | electric starters | | | 1912 | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from 1912=Initial\_Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:083-toad-s-edwardian-england-early-motor-cars-caravans-steam-trains-wash-day-and-gold-sovereigns.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Toad's Edwardian England: early motor…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/83-toad-s-edwardian-england-early-motor-cars-caravans-steam-trains-wash-day-and-gold-sovereigns/10/) - next →: [Toad's Edwardian England: early motor…, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/83-toad-s-edwardian-england-early-motor-cars-caravans-steam-trains-wash-day-and-gold-sovereigns/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/83-toad-s-edwardian-england-early-motor-cars-caravans-steam-trains-wash-day-and-gold-sovereigns/)