--- title: Farming let people store food, villages grew into cities, and writin… — Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★ · tree and pragmatics description: Farming let people store food, villages grew into cities, and writing began in Sumer about 5,000 years ago, mostly to keep records of grain, animals and taxes. Who acts: Farming, people, villages, writing. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/) / 10 # Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, sentence 10 Farming let people store food, villages grew into cities, and writing began in Sumer about 5,000 years ago, mostly to keep records of grain, animals and taxes. **Who acts:** Farming, people, villages, writing · **What happens:** let, store, grow, begin, keep, record · **To what, where:** people, food, cities, Sumer, records, grain This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Farming, people, villages, writing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson:10 # text = Farming let people store food, villages grew into cities, and writing began in Sumer about 5,000 years ago, mostly to keep records of grain, animals and taxes. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Farming farming NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 let let VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 3 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 4 store store VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 xcomp _ _ 5 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=7:punct 7 villages village NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 8 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 9 into into ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 13 writing writing NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 14 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:advcl 15 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 Sumer Sumer PROPN NNP Number=Sing 14 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 17 about about ADV RB _ 18 advmod _ _ 18 5,000 5000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 19 nummod _ _ 19 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=14:obl:unmarked 20 ago ago ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:advmod 21 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 22 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 23 to to PART TO _ 24 mark _ _ 24 keep keep VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 advcl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:conj 25 records record NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 grain grain NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=25:conj 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 taxes tax NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 conj _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **let** | infinitive | Farming | people | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **store** | infinitive | people *not said here* | food | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme | | 3 | **grow** | past | villages | | | | | into cities *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into city=Result | | 4 | **begin** | past | writing | | | Sumer | | ago *property* | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 5 | **keep** | to-infinitive | writing *not said here* | records of grain and animals and taxes | | | | mostly *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent record=Theme | | 6 | **record** | | | grain and animals | | | | | nom record «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/9/) - next →: [Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/)