--- title: The Black Death killed perhaps a third or more of Europe's people; w… — Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★ · tree and pragmatics description: The Black Death killed perhaps a third or more of Europe's people; with fewer workers left, survivors could ask for higher wages, and the old serf system weakened in western Europe. Who acts: Black Death, fewer workers, survivors, old serf system. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: cause and effect --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/) / 13 # Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, sentence 13 The Black Death killed perhaps a third or more of Europe's people; with fewer workers left, survivors could ask for higher wages, and the old serf system weakened in western Europe. **Who acts:** Black Death, fewer workers, survivors, old serf system · **What happens:** kill, leave, ask, weaken · **To what, where:** third, western Europe This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Black Death, fewer workers, survivors, old serf system), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson:13 # text = The Black Death killed perhaps a third or more of Europe's people; with fewer workers left, survivors could ask for higher wages, and the old serf system weakened in western Europe. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 2 Black black ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 3 Death death PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 4 killed kill VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 5 perhaps perhaps ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 third third NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=4:obj|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 8 or or CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 7 conj _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 11 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 nmod:poss _ _ 12 's 's PART POS _ 11 case _ _ 13 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:obl 14 ; ; PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 15 with with SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 16 fewer few ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 17 amod _ _ 17 workers worker NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nsubj _ _ 18 left leave VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 advcl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 20 survivors survivor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 21 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 22 ask ask VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 23 for for ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 higher high ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 25 amod _ _ 25 wages wage NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obl _ _ 26 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 27 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 29 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 30 serf serf NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 31 system system NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ _ 32 weakened weaken VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=22:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBN:Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 33 in in ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 western western ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 amod _ _ 35 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 36 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **kill** | past | the Black Death | a third of Europe's people | | | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent third=Theme | | 2 | **leave** | past | fewer workers | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **ask** *speech: ask* | could | survivors | | | | | for higher wages | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **weaken** | past | the old serf system | | | western Europe | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson:13`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×3. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/12/) - next →: [Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/14/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/)