--- title: Gutenberg's printing press, from around 1450, made books much cheape… — Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★ · tree and pragmatics description: Gutenberg's printing press, from around 1450, made books much cheaper; more people learned to read, and new ideas, like Martin Luther's in 1517, spread across Europe within weeks. Who acts: printing press, more people, new ideas, Gutenberg. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: cause and effect chains --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/) / 14 # Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, sentence 14 Gutenberg's printing press, from around 1450, made books much cheaper; more people learned to read, and new ideas, like Martin Luther's in 1517, spread across Europe within weeks. **Who acts:** printing press, more people, new ideas, Gutenberg · **What happens:** make, learn, read, spread, press · **To what, where:** books, Europe This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (printing press, more people, new ideas, Gutenberg), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson:14 # text = Gutenberg's printing press, from around 1450, made books much cheaper; more people learned to read, and new ideas, like Martin Luther's in 1517, spread across Europe within weeks. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Gutenberg Gutenberg PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nmod:poss _ _ 2 's 's PART POS _ 1 case _ _ 3 printing printing NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 press press NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 6 from from ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 around around ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 1450 1450 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 4 nmod _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 11 books book NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 12 much much ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ _ 13 cheaper cheap ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 10 xcomp _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:xcomp 14 ; ; PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 more more ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 16 amod _ _ 16 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 17 nsubj _ _ 17 learned learn VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:conj 18 to to PART TO _ 19 mark _ _ 19 read read VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 17 xcomp _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=23:punct 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 32 cc _ _ 22 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 23 ideas idea NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 nsubj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 25 like like ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 Martin Martin PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 27 Luther Luther PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 flat _ _ 28 's 's PART POS _ 26 case _ _ 29 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 30 1517 1517 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 26 nmod _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 32 spread spread VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=17:conj 33 across across ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 Europe Europe PROPN NNP Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 35 within within ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 weeks week NOUN NNS Number=Plur 32 obl:unmarked _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | past | Gutenberg's printing press from 1450 | books | | | | cheap *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset book=Product | | 2 | **learn** | past | more people | | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **read** | to-infinitive | more people *not said here* | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **spread** | past | new ideas like Martin in 1517 | | | Europe | week | | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme across europe=Destination | | 5 | **press** | | Gutenberg | | | | | | nom press «state intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/13/) - next →: [Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/)