--- title: After 1492 diseases such as smallpox, carried by Europeans, killed v… — Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★ · tree and pragmatics description: After 1492 diseases such as smallpox, carried by Europeans, killed very many native people of the Americas, who had never met them before, and this helped the Spanish conquer the Aztecs and the Inca. Who acts: many native people, this, Spanish. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: cause and effect ch --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/) / 15 # Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, sentence 15 After 1492 diseases such as smallpox, carried by Europeans, killed very many native people of the Americas, who had never met them before, and this helped the Spanish conquer the Aztecs and the Inca. **Who acts:** many native people, this, Spanish · **What happens:** carry, kill, not meet, help, conquer · **To what, where:** many native people, people, Spanish, Aztecs This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many native people, this, Spanish), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson:15 # text = After 1492 diseases such as smallpox, carried by Europeans, killed very many native people of the Americas, who had never met them before, and this helped the Spanish conquer the Aztecs and the Inca. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 After after ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 2 1492 1492 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 nummod _ _ 3 diseases disease NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 4 such such ADJ JJ Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP 6 case _ _ 5 as as ADP IN _ 4 fixed _ _ 6 smallpox smallpox NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nmod _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 3 punct _ _ 8 carried carry VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 9 by by ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 Europeans European PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 8 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=8:obl|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 killed kill VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ _ 13 very very ADV RB _ 14 advmod _ _ 14 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 15 native native ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 amod _ _ 16 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 12 obj _ _ 17 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 Americas Americas PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 16 nmod _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 24 nsubj _ _ 22 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 23 never never ADV RB PronType=Neg 24 advmod _ _ 24 met meet VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 16 acl:relcl _ _ 25 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 obj _ _ 26 before before ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 30 cc _ _ 29 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 30 nsubj _ _ 30 helped help VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=8:conj 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 Spanish Spanish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 obj _ _ 33 conquer conquer VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 30 xcomp _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 Aztecs Aztec PROPN NNPS Number=Plur 33 obj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=33:obj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur 36 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 Inca Inca PROPN NNP Number=Sing 35 conj _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=8:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **carry** | participle | | | | | after 1492 diseases such smallpox | by Europeans | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **kill** | past | | many native people of the Americas | | | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme | | 3 | **not** **meet** | past · perfect | many native people of the Americas | people | | | | before *property* | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Co-Agent | | 4 | **help** | past | this | the Spanish | | | | | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent spanish=Beneficiary clause=Theme | | 5 | **conquer** | infinitive | the Spanish *not said here* | the Aztecs and the Inca | | | | | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent aztec=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/14/) - next →: [Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/)