--- title: A chain from the start of the course: farming gave people food they… — Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★ · tree and pragmatics description: A chain from the start of the course: farming gave people food they could store, villages grew into cities, rulers had to count grain, animals and taxes, and so writing began in Sumer. Who acts: farming, chains, chain, rulers. A sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the h --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [History](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/) / [Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/) / 2 # Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, sentence 2 A chain from the start of the course: farming gave people food they could store, villages grew into cities, rulers had to count grain, animals and taxes, and so writing began in Sumer. **Who acts:** farming, chains, chain, rulers, writing · **What happens:** give, store, grow, have, count, begin · **To what, where:** food, people, cities, grain, Sumer, course This is a sentence of the lesson «Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (farming, chains, chain, rulers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:history:086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson:2 # text = A chain from the start of the course: farming gave people food they could store, villages grew into cities, rulers had to count grain, animals and taxes, and so writing began in Sumer. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = history # lesson = 086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 chain chain NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 3 from from ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 start start NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 6 of of ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 course course NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nmod _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 10 farming farm NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 11 gave give VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 12 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 iobj _ _ 13 food food NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obj _ _ 14 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 15 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 16 store store VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 acl:relcl _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 villages village NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:conj 19 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 20 into into ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 cities city NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=23:punct 23 rulers ruler NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ _ 24 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 25 to to PART TO _ 26 mark _ _ 26 count count VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 xcomp _ _ 27 grain grain NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 obj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 29 animals animal NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=26:obj 30 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 31 taxes tax NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 conj _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=35:punct 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 34 so so ADV RB _ 36 advmod _ _ 35 writing writing NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 36 began begin VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 19 conj _ _ 37 in in ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 Sumer Sumer PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 obl _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **give** | past | farming | food | people | | | | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent people=Recipient food=Theme | | 2 | **store** | could | chains *= chain* | food *not said here* | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme | | 3 | **grow** | past | a chain from the start of the course | | | | | into cities *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into city=Result | | 4 | **have** | past | rulers | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **count** | to-infinitive | rulers *not said here* | grain and animals and taxes | | | | | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent grain=Theme | | 6 | **begin** | past | writing | | | Sumer | | | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 7 | **start** | | | the course | | | | | nom start «event transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:history:086-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains.lesson:2`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×3, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/1/) - next →: [Olympiad: cause and effect chains ★★★, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/history/86-olympiad-cause-and-effect-chains/)