--- title: The subject is who or what does the action; the object is who or wha… — What language is: sounds, words and rules everyo… · tree and pragmatics description: The subject is who or what does the action; the object is who or what the action is done to; Ukrainian shows this mostly with word endings instead of word order. Who acts: subject, object, Ukrainian. A sentence of the lesson «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [What language is: sounds, words and ru…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/) / 10 # What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares, sentence 10 The subject is who or what does the action; the object is who or what the action is done to; Ukrainian shows this mostly with word endings instead of word order. **Who acts:** subject, object, Ukrainian · **What happens:** be, do, show · **To what, where:** action, this This is a sentence of the lesson «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (subject, object, Ukrainian), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson:10 # text = The subject is who or what does the action; the object is who or what the action is done to; Ukrainian shows this mostly with word endings instead of word order. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 subject subject NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 4 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 6 nsubj _ _ 5 or or CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 6 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 0 root _ _ 7 does do VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 acl:relcl _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 9 action action NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 object object NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nsubj _ _ 13 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 14 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 6 parataxis _ _ 15 or or CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 16 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 20 obj _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 action action NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj:pass _ _ 19 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 20 aux:pass _ _ 20 done do VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 conj _ _ 21 to to ADP IN _ 20 obl _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 23 Ukrainian Ukrainian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 24 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 25 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 24 obj _ _ 26 mostly mostly ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 27 with with ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 29 compound _ _ 29 endings ending NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obl _ _ 30 instead instead ADV RB ExtPos=ADP 33 case _ _ 31 of of ADP IN _ 30 fixed _ _ 32 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 33 order order NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the subject | | | | | instead word order | tree rules | | 2 | **do** | present | | the action | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent action=Eventuality | | 3 | **is a** | present | the object | | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **do** | present · passive | | the action | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **show** | present | Ukrainian | this | | | | with word endings | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent this=Recipient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [What language is: sounds, words and ru…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/9/) - next →: [What language is: sounds, words and ru…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/)