--- title: Local words belong to real dialects: in Scotland "dreich" means dull… — What language is: sounds, words and rules everyo… · tree and pragmatics description: Local words belong to real dialects: in Scotland "dreich" means dull, grey and drizzly and "the day" means today; in the southern US "y'all" means you all and "fixin' to" means about to. Who acts: Local words, dreich, day, y'all. A sentence of the lesson «What language is: sounds, words and rules ev --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [What language is: sounds, words and ru…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/) / 17 # What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares, sentence 17 Local words belong to real dialects: in Scotland "dreich" means dull, grey and drizzly and "the day" means today; in the southern US "y'all" means you all and "fixin' to" means about to. **Who acts:** Local words, dreich, day, y'all · **What happens:** belong, mean · **To what, where:** you This is a sentence of the lesson «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Local words, dreich, day, y'all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson:17 # text = Local words belong to real dialects: in Scotland "dreich" means dull, grey and drizzly and "the day" means today; in the southern US "y'all" means you all and "fixin' to" means about to. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Local local ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 belong belong VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 to to ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 dialects dialect NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 13 punct _ _ 8 in in ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 Scotland Scotland PROPN NNP Number=Sing 13 obl _ _ 10 " " PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=9:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 11 dreich dreich NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ _ 12 " " PUNCT '' _ 11 punct _ _ 13 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 14 dull dull ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 xcomp _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 grey grey ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 conj _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 drizzly drizzly ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 conj _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 20 " " PUNCT `` _ 22 punct _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 nsubj _ _ 23 " " PUNCT '' _ 22 punct _ _ 24 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 25 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl:unmarked _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 29 southern southern ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 US US PROPN NNP Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 31 " " PUNCT `` _ 32 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=30:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 32 y'all y'all NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 33 " " PUNCT '' _ 32 punct _ _ 34 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 35 you you PRON PRP Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs 34 obj _ _ 36 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 35 det _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 38 " " PUNCT `` _ 39 punct _ _ 39 fixin fixin NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 conj _ _ 40 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 39 punct _ _ 41 to to PART TO _ 43 mark _ _ 42 " " PUNCT '' _ 41 punct _ _ 43 means mean VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 advcl _ _ 44 about about ADV RB _ 45 advmod _ _ 45 to to PART TO _ 43 ccomp _ _ 46 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **belong** | present | Local words | | | | | to real dialects | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **mean** | present | dreich | | | | | in Scotland; dull *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in scotland=Attribute | | 3 | **mean** | present | the day | | | | today | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **mean** | present | y'all | you | | | | in the southern US | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot you=Theme in us=Attribute | | 5 | **mean** | present | y'all *not said here* | | | | | | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [What language is: sounds, words and ru…, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/16/) - next →: [Nouns: the names of things, people, pl…, 0](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/2-nouns-names-of-things-people-places-ideas/0/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/)