--- title: Everybody has several ways of talking (chatty with mates, careful wi… — What language is: sounds, words and rules everyo… · tree and pragmatics description: Everybody has several ways of talking (chatty with mates, careful with the head teacher), and every place has its own local words, from "dreich" in Glasgow to "y'all" in Texas; all of it is real language. Who acts: Everybody, several ways, place, all. A sentence of the lesson «What language is: soun --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [What language is: sounds, words and ru…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/) / 4 # What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares, sentence 4 Everybody has several ways of talking (chatty with mates, careful with the head teacher), and every place has its own local words, from "dreich" in Glasgow to "y'all" in Texas; all of it is real language. **Who acts:** Everybody, several ways, place, all · **What happens:** have, talk, be, word · **To what, where:** several ways, own local words, dreich, real language This is a sentence of the lesson «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Everybody, several ways, place, all), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson:4 # text = Everybody has several ways of talking (chatty with mates, careful with the head teacher), and every place has its own local words, from "dreich" in Glasgow to "y'all" in Texas; all of it is real language. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1 1 Everybody everybody PRON NN Number=Sing|PronType=Tot 2 nsubj _ _ 2 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 several several ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 ways way NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 5 of of SCONJ IN _ 6 mark _ _ 6 talking talk VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 4 acl _ _ 7 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 8 punct _ _ 8 chatty chatty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 parataxis _ _ 9 with with ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 mates mate NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 obl _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 12 punct _ _ 12 careful careful ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 conj _ _ 13 with with ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 15 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 compound _ _ 16 teacher teacher NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 17 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 8 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=12:punct 18 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 20 every every DET DT PronType=Tot 21 det _ _ 21 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 23 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 26 nmod:poss _ _ 24 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 25 local local ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 amod _ _ 26 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 28 from from ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 " " PUNCT `` _ 30 punct _ _ 30 dreich dreich NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 31 " " PUNCT '' _ 30 punct _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 33 Glasgow Glasgow PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 nmod _ _ 34 to to ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 " " PUNCT `` _ 36 punct _ _ 36 y'all y'all NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nmod _ _ 37 " " PUNCT '' _ 36 punct _ _ 38 in in ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 Texas Texas PROPN NNP Number=Sing 36 nmod _ _ 40 ; ; PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 41 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 46 nsubj _ _ 42 of of ADP IN _ 43 case _ _ 43 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 41 nmod _ _ 44 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 46 cop _ _ 45 real real ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 46 language language NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ _ 47 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | Everybody | several ways | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Patient | | 2 | **talk** | gerund | several ways *not said here* | | | | | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **have** | present | every place | place's own local words | | dreich in Glasgow | | to y'all in Texas | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient | | 4 | **is a** | present | all | real language | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **word** | | place | | | dreich in Glasgow | | to y'all in Texas | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent from=place to=obl | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [What language is: sounds, words and ru…, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/3/) - next →: [What language is: sounds, words and ru…, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/)