--- title: In English, word order shows who does what: in "The dog bit the man"… — What language is: sounds, words and rules everyo… · tree and pragmatics description: In English, word order shows who does what: in "The dog bit the man" the dog does the biting, and in "The man bit the dog" the man does. Who acts: word order, dog, man. A sentence of the lesson «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary schoo --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [What language is: sounds, words and ru…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/) / 9 # What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares, sentence 9 In English, word order shows who does what: in "The dog bit the man" the dog does the biting, and in "The man bit the dog" the man does. **Who acts:** word order, dog, man · **What happens:** show, do, bit · **To what, where:** English, man, biting, dog · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «What language is: sounds, words and rules everyone shares» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (word order, dog, man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson:9 # text = In English, word order shows who does what: in "The dog bit the man" the dog does the biting, and in "The man bit the dog" the man does. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 In in ADP IN _ 2 case _ _ 2 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 obl _ _ 3 , , PUNCT , _ 2 punct _ _ 4 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 compound _ _ 5 order order NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 6 shows show VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 7 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 8 does do VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 ccomp _ _ 9 what what PRON WP PronType=Int 8 obj _ _ 10 : : PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 12 " " PUNCT `` _ 15 punct _ _ 13 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 15 bit bit VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 21 advcl _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 18 " " PUNCT '' _ 15 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=15:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 21 does do VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 6 parataxis _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 biting biting NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obj _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=21:punct 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 36 cc _ _ 26 in in ADP IN _ 30 mark _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=30:case 27 " " PUNCT `` _ 30 punct _ _ 28 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 30 bit bit VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 36 advcl _ _ 31 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 32 dog dog NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 33 " " PUNCT '' _ 30 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=30:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nsubj _ _ 36 does do VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 conj _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **show** | present | word order | | | English | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **do** | present | | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality | | 3 | **bit** *in a quote* | past | the dog | the man | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **do** | present | the dog | the biting | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent biting=Eventuality | | 5 | **bit** *in a quote* | past | the man | the dog | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **do** | present | the man | | | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:001-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [What language is: sounds, words and ru…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/8/) - next →: [What language is: sounds, words and ru…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/1-what-language-is-sounds-words-and-rules/)