--- title: Many words ending in -o add -es (potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes)… — Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese · tree and pragmatics description: Many words ending in -o add -es (potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes), but some just add -s (pianos, photos, zoos). Who acts: Many words, some. A sentence of the lesson «Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Plurals that make no sense: mice, shee…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/) / 10 # Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese, sentence 10 Many words ending in -o add -es (potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes), but some just add -s (pianos, photos, zoos). **Who acts:** Many words, some · **What happens:** end, add · **To what, where:** o, es, -s This is a sentence of the lesson «Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many words, some), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:010-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese.lesson:10 # text = Many words ending in -o add -es (potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, echoes), but some just add -s (pianos, photos, zoos). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 010-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ _ 3 ending end VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 acl _ _ 4 in in ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 5 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 4 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=6:punct 6 o o NOUN NN _ 3 obl _ _ 7 add add VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 8 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 9 punct _ _ 9 es e NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 10 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 11 punct _ _ 11 potatoes potato NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 tomatoes tomato NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:conj 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 heroes hero NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=9:conj 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 echoes echo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 18 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 17 punct _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 20 but but CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 21 some some DET DT PronType=Ind 23 nsubj _ _ 22 just just ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 23 add add VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 conj _ _ 24 -s - NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 obj _ _ 25 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 26 punct _ _ 26 pianos piano NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 conj _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 28 punct _ _ 28 photos photo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 conj _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 30 zoos zoo NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 conj _ _ 31 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 30 punct _ _ 32 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=7:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **end** | gerund | Many words *not said here* | | | o | | | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | | 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | Many words | es and potatoes and tomatoes and heroes and echoes | | | | | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent e=Patient | | 3 | **add** *speech: assert* | infinitive | some | -s and pianos and photos and zoos | | | | | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent -=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:010-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R6-punct-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Plurals that make no sense: mice, shee…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/9/) - next →: [Plurals that make no sense: mice, shee…, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/)