---
title: An irregular plural is a plural not made by adding -s or -es; old vo… — Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese · tree and pragmatics
description: An irregular plural is a plural not made by adding -s or -es; old vowel-change plurals include mice, lice, geese, feet, teeth, men and women. Who acts: irregular plural, old change plurals. A sentence of the lesson «Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese» of the language course of Mova's 
---

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# Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese, sentence 5

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An irregular plural is a plural not made by adding -s or -es; old vowel-change plurals include mice, lice, geese, feet, teeth, men and women.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** irregular plural, old change plurals · **What happens:** be, not make, add, include · **To what, where:** plural, -s, mice

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (irregular plural, old change plurals), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:language:010-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese.lesson:5
# text = An irregular plural is a plural not made by adding -s or -es; old vowel-change plurals include mice, lice, geese, feet, teeth, men and women.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = language
# lesson = 010-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	irregular	irregular	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	plural	plural	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	plural	plural	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl	_	_
9	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	adding	add	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
11	-s	-	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	12	punct	_	_
14	es	e	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
16	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
17	vowel	vowel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
18	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	17	punct	_	_
19	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
20	plurals	plural	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
21	include	include	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
22	mice	mouse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	lice	louse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	geese	geese	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
28	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
32	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	women	woman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a irregular plural | a plural |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **make** | participle |  | a plural *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | -s or es |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent -=Patient |
| 4 | **include** | present | old change plurals | mice and lice and geese and feet and teeth and men and women |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mouse=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:010-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese.lesson:5`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

<!-- /div -->

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