--- title: Children is a double plural: Old English already had a plural "cildr… — Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese · tree and pragmatics description: Children is a double plural: Old English already had a plural "cildru", and later the old ending -en was added; oxen keeps the same -en ending. Who acts: Children, Old English, oxen. A sentence of the lesson «Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese» of the language course of Mova's primary --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Plurals that make no sense: mice, shee…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/) / 8 # Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese, sentence 8 Children is a double plural: Old English already had a plural "cildru", and later the old ending -en was added; oxen keeps the same -en ending. **Who acts:** Children, Old English, oxen · **What happens:** be, have, add, keep · **To what, where:** double plural, plural, old ending en, same en ending This is a sentence of the lesson «Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Children, Old English, oxen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:010-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese.lesson:8 # text = Children is a double plural: Old English already had a plural "cildru", and later the old ending -en was added; oxen keeps the same -en ending. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 010-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=5:nsubj|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 cop _ _ 3 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 4 double double ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 plural plural NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 7 Old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 8 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ _ 9 already already ADV RB _ 10 advmod _ _ 10 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=5:conj 11 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 plural plural NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 13 " " PUNCT `` _ 14 punct _ _ 14 cildru cildru PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 appos _ _ 15 " " PUNCT '' _ 14 punct _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 18 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 25 advmod _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 20 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 amod _ _ 21 ending ending NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 compound _ _ 22 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 23 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=21:punct 23 en en NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj:pass _ _ 24 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux:pass _ _ 25 added add VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 10 conj _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT , _ 5 punct _ _ 27 oxen oxen NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 28 keeps keep VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 30 same same ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 33 amod _ _ 31 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 30 punct _ _ 32 en en NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 compound _ _ 33 ending ending NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=4:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Children | a double plural | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **have** | past | Old English | a plural | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plural=Patient | | 3 | **add** *speech: assert* | past · passive | | the old ending en | | | | late *property* | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 4 | **keep** | present | oxen | the same en ending | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ending=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:010-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×2, R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Plurals that make no sense: mice, shee…, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/7/) - next →: [Plurals that make no sense: mice, shee…, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/)