--- title: Octopus comes from Greek; octopuses is the usual English plural, oct… — Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese · tree and pragmatics description: Octopus comes from Greek; octopuses is the usual English plural, octopodes is the Greek-style one, and octopi is common and listed in many dictionaries though it is built on a mistake. Who acts: Octopus, plural octopodes, octopi. A sentence of the lesson «Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Plurals that make no sense: mice, shee…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/) / 9 # Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese, sentence 9 Octopus comes from Greek; octopuses is the usual English plural, octopodes is the Greek-style one, and octopi is common and listed in many dictionaries though it is built on a mistake. **Who acts:** Octopus, plural octopodes, octopi · **What happens:** come, be, list, build · **To what, where:** Greek, style one, many dictionaries, Octopus, mistake This is a sentence of the lesson «Plurals that make no sense: mice, sheep and geese» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Octopus, plural octopodes, octopi), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:010-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese.lesson:9 # text = Octopus comes from Greek; octopuses is the usual English plural, octopodes is the Greek-style one, and octopi is common and listed in many dictionaries though it is built on a mistake. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 010-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Octopus octopus NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ _ 2 comes come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 parataxis _ _ 3 from from ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 Greek Greek PROPN NNP Number=Sing 2 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:obl|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 5 ; ; PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 octopuses octopus NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 parataxis _ _ 7 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:det 9 usual usual ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:amod 10 English English ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:amod 11 plural plural ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 amod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 13 octopodes octopode NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nsubj _ _ 14 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 16 Greek Greek ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=19:amod 17 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 16 punct _ _ 18 style style NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 compound _ _ 19 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 22 octopi octopi X FW Foreign=Yes 24 nsubj _ _ 23 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 cop _ _ 24 common common ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 parataxis _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 26 listed list VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 conj _ _ 27 in in ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 dictionaries dictionary NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 30 though though SCONJ IN _ 33 mark _ _ 31 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 33 nsubj:pass _ _ 32 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 aux:pass _ _ 33 built build VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 24 advcl _ _ 34 on on ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 mistake mistake NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl _ _ 37 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=19:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | present | Octopus | | | Greek | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from greek=Initial\_Location | | 2 | **is a** | present | plural octopodes | the style one | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **is** | present | octopi | | | | | common *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **list** | participle | octopi *not said here* | | | many dictionaries | | | tree rules | | 5 | **build** | present · passive | | Octopus | | a mistake | | | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme on mistake=Source | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:010-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×4, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Plurals that make no sense: mice, shee…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/8/) - next →: [Plurals that make no sense: mice, shee…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/10-plurals-mice-sheep-and-geese/)