--- title: The pasts of bring, teach, swim, fly and eat are brought, taught, sw… — Grammar puzzles, part one · tree and pragmatics description: The pasts of bring, teach, swim, fly and eat are brought, taught, swam, flew and ate; all five are irregular. Who acts: pasts, five. A sentence of the lesson «Grammar puzzles, part one» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/11-grammar-puzzles-part-one/11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Grammar puzzles, part one](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/11-grammar-puzzles-part-one/) / 11 # Grammar puzzles, part one, sentence 11 The pasts of bring, teach, swim, fly and eat are brought, taught, swam, flew and ate; all five are irregular. **Who acts:** pasts, five · **What happens:** bring, teach, swim, fly, eat, be · **To what, where:** pasts This is a sentence of the lesson «Grammar puzzles, part one» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (pasts, five), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:011-grammar-puzzles-part-one.lesson:11 # text = The pasts of bring, teach, swim, fly and eat are brought, taught, swam, flew and ate; all five are irregular. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 011-grammar-puzzles-part-one.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 pasts past NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 of of SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 4 bring bring VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 acl _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 6 teach teach VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=2:conj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 7 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=2:punct 8 swim swim VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=2:conj|HaikuPos=VERB:VBP:Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 , , PUNCT , _ 10 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=8:punct 10 fly fly VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 conj _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 12 eat eat VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ 13 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 aux:pass _ _ 14 brought bring VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 27 parataxis _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 16 taught teach VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 conj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 18 swam swim VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 flew fly VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 22 ate eat VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 conj _ _ 23 ; ; PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 24 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 25 det _ _ 25 five five NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 27 nsubj _ _ 26 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 27 cop _ _ 27 irregular irregular ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 14 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=27:punct ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **bring** | infinitive | the pasts *not said here* | | | | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **teach** *speech: other* | infinitive | the pasts *not said here* | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **swim** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **fly** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **eat** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **bring** | present · passive | | the pasts | | | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: subject=Theme | | 7 | **teach** *speech: other* | participle | | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **swim** | past | | | | | | | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 9 | **fly** | past | | | | | | | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 10 | **eat** | past | | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 11 | **is** | present | all five | | | | | irregular *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:011-grammar-puzzles-part-one.lesson:11`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1, R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Grammar puzzles, part one, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/11-grammar-puzzles-part-one/10/) - next →: [Grammar puzzles, part one, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/11-grammar-puzzles-part-one/12/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/11-grammar-puzzles-part-one/)