--- title: Some sentences have two meanings and grammar alone can't choose: "I… — Grammar puzzles, part one · tree and pragmatics description: Some sentences have two meanings and grammar alone can't choose: "I saw a man on a hill with a telescope" (who has the telescope?); the fix is to rewrite it. Who acts: sentences, verb, fix. A sentence of the lesson «Grammar puzzles, part one» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/11-grammar-puzzles-part-one/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Grammar puzzles, part one](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/11-grammar-puzzles-part-one/) / 3 # Grammar puzzles, part one, sentence 3 Some sentences have two meanings and grammar alone can't choose: "I saw a man on a hill with a telescope" (who has the telescope?); the fix is to rewrite it. **Who acts:** sentences, verb, fix · **What happens:** have, not choose, see, be · **To what, where:** two meanings, man, hill, telescope · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Grammar puzzles, part one» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sentences, verb, fix), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:011-grammar-puzzles-part-one.lesson:3 # text = Some sentences have two meanings and grammar alone can't choose: "I saw a man on a hill with a telescope" (who has the telescope?); the fix is to rewrite it. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 011-grammar-puzzles-part-one.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Some some DET DT PronType=Ind 2 det _ _ 2 sentences sentence NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ _ 3 have have VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 5 nummod _ _ 5 meanings meaning NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=11:nsubj 6 and and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 7 grammar grammar NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 8 alone alone ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=5:amod|HaikuPos=ADJ:JJ:Degree=Pos 9 ca can AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 10 n't not PART RB Polarity=Neg 11 advmod _ _ 11 choose choose VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 conj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:parataxis 12 : : PUNCT : _ 15 punct _ _ 13 " " PUNCT `` _ 15 punct _ _ 14 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ _ 15 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 ccomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=11:conj 16 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obj _ _ 18 on on ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 hill hill NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 21 with with ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 22 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 telescope telescope NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 24 " " PUNCT '' _ 23 punct _ _ 25 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 27 punct _ _ 26 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 27 nsubj _ _ 27 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 15 parataxis _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=23:acl:relcl 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 telescope telescope NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obj _ _ 30 ? ? PUNCT . _ 27 punct _ _ 31 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 27 punct _ _ 32 ; ; PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 fix fix NOUN NN Number=Sing 37 nsubj _ _ 35 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 37 cop _ _ 36 to to PART TO _ 37 mark _ _ 37 rewrite rewrite VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 conj _ _ 38 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 obj _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | some sentences | two meanings and grammar | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meaning=Patient | | 2 | **not** **choose** | can | some sentences *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **see** *in a quote* | past | a verb *= verb* | a man | | a hill | | with a telescope | tree rules | | 4 | **have** | present | | the telescope | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent telescope=Patient | | 5 | **is** | present | the fix | | | | | rewrite *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:011-grammar-puzzles-part-one.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×3, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Grammar puzzles, part one, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/11-grammar-puzzles-part-one/2/) - next →: [Grammar puzzles, part one, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/11-grammar-puzzles-part-one/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/11-grammar-puzzles-part-one/)