--- title: Many yes/no questions are made by moving the helping verb in front o… — Grammar puzzles, part one · tree and pragmatics description: Many yes/no questions are made by moving the helping verb in front of the subject: "The cat is sleeping" becomes "Is the cat sleeping?" Who acts: cat. A sentence of the lesson «Grammar puzzles, part one» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of e --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/11-grammar-puzzles-part-one/7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Grammar puzzles, part one](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/11-grammar-puzzles-part-one/) / 7 # Grammar puzzles, part one, sentence 7 Many yes/no questions are made by moving the helping verb in front of the subject: "The cat is sleeping" becomes "Is the cat sleeping?" **Who acts:** cat · **What happens:** make, move, sleep, become · **To what, where:** Many yes/no questions, helping verb, front · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Grammar puzzles, part one» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cat), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:011-grammar-puzzles-part-one.lesson:7 # text = Many yes/no questions are made by moving the helping verb in front of the subject: "The cat is sleeping" becomes "Is the cat sleeping?" # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 011-grammar-puzzles-part-one.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1 1 Many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 amod _ _ 2 yes/no yes/no NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 compound _ _ 3 questions question NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj:pass _ _ 4 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux:pass _ _ 5 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 6 by by SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 7 moving move VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 5 advcl _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 helping helping NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 verb verb NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obj _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 front front NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 obl _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 subject subject NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 16 : : PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 17 " " PUNCT `` _ 21 punct _ _ 18 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 20 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 21 aux _ _ 21 sleeping sleep VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 23 nsubj _ _ 22 " " PUNCT '' _ 21 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=23:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:``:_ 23 becomes become VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 parataxis _ _ 24 " " PUNCT `` _ 23 punct _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=23:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:'':_ 25 Is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=28:det 27 cat cat NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nsubj _ _ 28 sleeping sleep VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 23 ccomp _ _ 29 ? ? PUNCT . _ 28 punct _ _ 30 " " PUNCT '' _ 28 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert, voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **make** | present · passive | | Many yes/no questions | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | | 2 | **move** | gerund | | the helping verb | | front of the subject | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent verb=Theme | | 3 | **sleep** *in a quote* | present · progressive | the cat | | | | | | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **become** | present | | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **sleep** *in a quote* | present · progressive | the cat | | | | | | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:011-grammar-puzzles-part-one.lesson:7`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Grammar puzzles, part one, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/11-grammar-puzzles-part-one/6/) - next →: [Grammar puzzles, part one, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/11-grammar-puzzles-part-one/8/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/11-grammar-puzzles-part-one/)