--- title: -ough has several sounds: though (like go), through (like true), tou… — Silent letters and the mystery of -ough · tree and pragmatics description: -ough has several sounds: though (like go), through (like true), tough (like stuff), cough (like off), bough (like cow), thought (like taught). Who acts: ough. A sentence of the lesson «Silent letters and the mystery of -ough» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Silent letters and the mystery of -ough](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/) / 10 # Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, sentence 10 -ough has several sounds: though (like go), through (like true), tough (like stuff), cough (like off), bough (like cow), thought (like taught). **Who acts:** ough · **What happens:** have, think, teach · **To what, where:** several sounds · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters and the mystery of -ough» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ough), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson:10 # text = -ough has several sounds: though (like go), through (like true), tough (like stuff), cough (like off), bough (like cow), thought (like taught). # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 - - PUNCT NFP _ 2 punct _ _ 2 ough ough NOUN NN _ 3 nsubj _ _ 3 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 several several ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 5 amod _ _ 5 sounds sound NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 5 punct _ _ 7 though though ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 8 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 10 punct _ _ 9 like like INTJ UH _ 10 discourse _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:case|HaikuPos=ADP:IN:_ 10 go go NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 11 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 10 punct _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 13 through through ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 14 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 16 punct _ _ 15 like like ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 true true ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 3 xcomp _ _ 17 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 16 punct _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 tough tough ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 16 conj _ _ 20 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 22 punct _ _ 21 like like ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 22 stuff stuff NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 23 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 22 punct _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 25 cough cough NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 conj _ _ 26 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 28 punct _ _ 27 like like ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 off off ADP RP _ 25 appos _ _ 29 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 28 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=3:punct 30 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 31 bough bough NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 32 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 34 punct _ _ 33 like like ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 34 cow cow NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 appos _ _ 35 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 34 punct _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 37 thought think VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 38 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 40 punct _ _ 39 like like INTJ UH _ 40 discourse _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=40:mark|HaikuPos=SCONJ:IN:_ 40 taught teach VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 37 ccomp _ _ 41 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 40 punct _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | ough | several sounds | | | | though, true *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **think** *speech: other* | past | ough *not said here* | | | | | | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | | 3 | **teach** *speech: other* | participle | | | | | | | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson:10`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/9/) - next →: [Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/11/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/)