--- title: The w in write, wrong, wrist and wreck was said in Old English and d… — Silent letters and the mystery of -ough · tree and pragmatics description: The w in write, wrong, wrist and wreck was said in Old English and dropped away before r; in water it stands before a vowel, so it stayed. Who acts: w. A sentence of the lesson «Silent letters and the mystery of -ough» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/14/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Silent letters and the mystery of -ough](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/) / 14 # Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, sentence 14 The w in write, wrong, wrist and wreck was said in Old English and dropped away before r; in water it stands before a vowel, so it stayed. **Who acts:** w · **What happens:** say, drop away, stand, stay · **To what, where:** w, Old English, r, water · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters and the mystery of -ough» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (w), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson:14 # text = The w in write, wrong, wrist and wreck was said in Old English and dropped away before r; in water it stands before a vowel, so it stayed. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 w w NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj:pass _ _ 3 in in ADP IN _ 4 case _ _ 4 write write NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 nmod _ _ 5 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=8:punct 6 wrong wrong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 8 wrist wrist NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj:pass _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 wreck wreck NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 conj _ _ 11 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux:pass _ _ 12 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 13 in in ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 Old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ _ 15 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 obl _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 17 dropped drop VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 18 away away ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 19 before before ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 r r ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 obl _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 in in ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 24 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 25 stands stand VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ Agree=R3-conj-first|Haiku=17:conj 26 before before ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 vowel vowel NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 29 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 30 so so ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 31 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 nsubj _ _ 32 stayed stay VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 conj _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 12 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · passive | | the w in write | | Old English | | | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: subject=Theme in english=Manner | | 2 | **drop away** | past | | | | r | | away *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme before r=Trajectory | | 3 | **stand** | present | w | | | water | before a vowel | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in water=Location | | 4 | **stay** | past | w | | | | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson:14`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R3-conj-first ×1, R6-punct-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/12/) - next →: [Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/15/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/)