--- title: Colonel is said "kernel": it was first said from French "coronel" wi… — Silent letters and the mystery of -ough · tree and pragmatics description: Colonel is said "kernel": it was first said from French "coronel" with an r, and the spelling was later changed to look like Italian "colonnello". A sentence of the lesson «Silent letters and the mystery of -ough» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragm --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Silent letters and the mystery of -ough](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/) / 16 # Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, sentence 16 Colonel is said "kernel": it was first said from French "coronel" with an r, and the spelling was later changed to look like Italian "colonnello". **What happens:** say, change, look · **To what, where:** Colonel, French coronel, spelling · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters and the mystery of -ough» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson:16 # text = Colonel is said "kernel": it was first said from French "coronel" with an r, and the spelling was later changed to look like Italian "colonnello". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Colonel colonel NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 aux:pass _ _ 3 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 4 " " PUNCT `` _ 5 punct _ _ 5 kernel kernel NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 xcomp _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:ccomp 6 " " PUNCT '' _ 5 punct _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 8 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj:pass _ _ 9 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux:pass _ _ 10 first first ADV RB NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord 11 advmod _ _ 11 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 conj _ _ 12 from from ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 French French ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=15:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 14 " " PUNCT `` _ 15 punct _ _ 15 coronel coronel NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 16 " " PUNCT '' _ 15 punct _ _ 17 with with ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 r r NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 21 and and CCONJ CC _ 26 cc _ _ 22 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 23 det _ _ 23 spelling spelling NOUN NN Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ _ 24 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux:pass _ _ 25 later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 26 advmod _ _ 26 changed change VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 conj _ _ 27 to to PART TO _ 28 mark _ _ 28 look look VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 26 advcl _ _ 29 like like ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 30 Italian Italian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 31 " " PUNCT `` _ 32 punct _ _ 32 colonnello colonnello NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 33 " " PUNCT '' _ 32 punct _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive | | Colonel | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · passive | | Colonel | | French coronel with a r | | first *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | | 3 | **change** | past · passive | | the spelling | | | | late *property* | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 4 | **look** | to-infinitive | | | | | | like Italian colonnello | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson:16`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/15/) - next →: [Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, 17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/17/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/)