--- title: The letters -ough are the champions of chaos: though, through, tough… — Silent letters and the mystery of -ough · tree and pragmatics description: The letters -ough are the champions of chaos: though, through, tough, cough, bough and thought all say -ough differently, because old sounds changed in different ways in different words. Who acts: thought, old sounds. A sentence of the lesson «Silent letters and the mystery of -ough» of the language --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Silent letters and the mystery of -ough](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/) / 3 # Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, sentence 3 The letters -ough are the champions of chaos: though, through, tough, cough, bough and thought all say -ough differently, because old sounds changed in different ways in different words. **Who acts:** thought, old sounds · **What happens:** be, say, change · **To what, where:** ough champions, ough, different ways · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters and the mystery of -ough» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thought, old sounds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson:3 # text = The letters -ough are the champions of chaos: though, through, tough, cough, bough and thought all say -ough differently, because old sounds changed in different ways in different words. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 letters letter NOUN NNS Number=Plur 0 root _ _ 3 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 2 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=7:punct|HaikuPos=PUNCT:,:_ 4 ough ough ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 5 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 champions champion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 appos _ _ 8 of of ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 chaos chaos NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 10 : : PUNCT : _ 17 punct _ _ 11 though though ADV RB _ 17 advmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 13 through through ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 15 tough tough ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 17 amod _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=15:punct 17 cough cough NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 bough bough NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 21 thought think NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 22 all all ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 23 say say VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ _ 24 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 25 punct _ _ 25 ough ough NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 26 differently differently ADV RB _ 23 advmod _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 28 because because SCONJ IN _ 31 mark _ _ 29 old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 30 amod _ _ 30 sounds sound NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 changed change VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 23 advcl _ _ 32 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 33 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 ways way NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ _ 35 in in ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 different different ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 obl _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=34:nmod 38 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | | the ough champions and tough cough and bough | | | | of chaos | tree rules | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | thought | ough | | | | all, differently *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent ough=Topic | | 3 | **change** | participle | old sounds | | | different ways | | in different words | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson:3`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×1, R6-punct-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/2/) - next →: [Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/4/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/)