--- title: Names keep their spelling while speech shortens them: Wednesday (fro… — Silent letters and the mystery of -ough · tree and pragmatics description: Names keep their spelling while speech shortens them: Wednesday (from Woden's day) has a silent d, and Worcestershire is said "WUSS-ter-sher"; for place names, listen to the locals. Who acts: Names, speech, Wednesday. A sentence of the lesson «Silent letters and the mystery of -ough» of the language --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Silent letters and the mystery of -ough](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/) / 4 # Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, sentence 4 Names keep their spelling while speech shortens them: Wednesday (from Woden's day) has a silent d, and Worcestershire is said "WUSS-ter-sher"; for place names, listen to the locals. **Who acts:** Names, speech, Wednesday · **What happens:** keep, shorten, have, say, listen, spell · **To what, where:** spelling, Names, silent d, Worcestershire · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters and the mystery of -ough» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Names, speech, Wednesday), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson:4 # text = Names keep their spelling while speech shortens them: Wednesday (from Woden's day) has a silent d, and Worcestershire is said "WUSS-ter-sher"; for place names, listen to the locals. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 Names name NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 2 keep keep VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ _ 4 spelling spelling NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 5 while while SCONJ IN _ 7 mark _ _ 6 speech speech NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ _ 7 shortens shorten VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 advcl _ _ 8 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obj _ _ 9 : : PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 10 Wednesday Wednesday PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 11 ( ( PUNCT -LRB- _ 15 punct _ _ 12 from from ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 13 Woden Woden PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 nmod:poss _ _ 14 's 's PART POS _ 13 case _ _ 15 day day NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 appos _ _ 16 ) ) PUNCT -RRB- _ 15 punct _ _ 17 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 19 silent silent ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 20 amod _ _ 20 d D NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 obj _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 23 Worcestershire Worcestershire PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 nsubj:pass _ _ 24 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux:pass _ _ 25 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 2 conj _ _ 26 " " PUNCT `` _ 31 punct _ _ 27 WUSS wuss NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 28 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 27 punct _ _ 29 ter ter NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 compound _ _ 30 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 31 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=29:punct 31 sher sher NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 ccomp _ _ 32 " " PUNCT '' _ 31 punct _ _ 33 ; ; PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 34 for for ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 compound _ _ 36 names name NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 obl _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 38 listen listen VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 2 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=2:conj 39 to to ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 locals local NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 obl _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=narrator | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **keep** | present | Names | Names's spelling | | | | | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spelling=Theme | | 2 | **shorten** | present | speech | Names *= name* | | | | | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent they=Patient | | 3 | **have** | present | Wednesday | a silent d | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent d=Patient | | 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · passive | | Worcestershire | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | | 5 | **listen** | infinitive | | | | | | for place names; to the locals | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to local=Theme | | 6 | **spell** | | Names *= name* | | | | | | nom spelling «communication transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/3/) - next →: [Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/)