--- title: Middle English is English from about 1100 to 1500; in it the k in kn… — Silent letters and the mystery of -ough · tree and pragmatics description: Middle English is English from about 1100 to 1500; in it the k in knight was said, and gh was a throaty sound like the ch in Scottish "loch". Who acts: Middle English, gh. A sentence of the lesson «Silent letters and the mystery of -ough» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its depe --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Silent letters and the mystery of -ough](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/) / 6 # Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, sentence 6 Middle English is English from about 1100 to 1500; in it the k in knight was said, and gh was a throaty sound like the ch in Scottish "loch". **Who acts:** Middle English, gh · **What happens:** be, say · **To what, where:** English, 1100, k, letter, throaty sound · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Silent letters and the mystery of -ough» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Middle English, gh), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson:6 # text = Middle English is English from about 1100 to 1500; in it the k in knight was said, and gh was a throaty sound like the ch in Scottish "loch". # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1 1 Middle Middle PROPN NNP _ 2 compound _ _ 2 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:compound 3 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 5 from from ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 about about ADV RB _ 7 advmod _ _ 7 1100 1100 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 4 obl _ _ 8 to to ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 9 1500 1500 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 7 nmod _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 11 in in ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 12 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 obl _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 k k NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj:pass _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 knight knight NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 17 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux:pass _ _ 18 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 25 advcl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ Agree=R6-punct-agree|Haiku=21:punct 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 25 cc _ _ 21 gh gh NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ _ 22 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ _ 23 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 throaty throaty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 sound sound NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 conj _ _ 26 like like ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 ch ch NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 nmod _ _ 29 in in ADP IN _ 32 case _ _ 30 Scottish Scottish ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 32 amod _ _ 31 " " PUNCT `` _ 32 punct _ _ 32 loch loch NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 33 " " PUNCT '' _ 32 punct _ _ 34 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Middle English | English and a throaty sound | | 1100 to 1500 | | | tree rules | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · passive | | the k in knight | | letter | | | vn pronounce-29.3.1 «NP V NP PP.manner»: subject=Theme in it=Manner | | 3 | **is a** | past | gh | a throaty sound | | | | like the ch in Scottish loch | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:013-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough.lesson:6`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R6-punct-agree ×1, R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/5/) - next →: [Silent letters and the mystery of -ough, 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/7/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/13-silent-letters-and-the-mystery-of-ough/)