--- title: A dash marks a sudden break or adds extra information, like brackets… — Punctuation that changes meaning · tree and pragmatics description: A dash marks a sudden break or adds extra information, like brackets; a hyphen is shorter and joins words, as in well-known. Who acts: dash, hyphen. A sentence of the lesson «Punctuation that changes meaning» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/14-punctuation-that-changes-meaning/17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Punctuation that changes meaning](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/14-punctuation-that-changes-meaning/) / 17 # Punctuation that changes meaning, sentence 17 A dash marks a sudden break or adds extra information, like brackets; a hyphen is shorter and joins words, as in well-known. **Who acts:** dash, hyphen · **What happens:** mark, add, be, join, know · **To what, where:** sudden break, extra information, words This is a sentence of the lesson «Punctuation that changes meaning» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dash, hyphen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:014-punctuation-that-changes-meaning.lesson:17 # text = A dash marks a sudden break or adds extra information, like brackets; a hyphen is shorter and joins words, as in well-known. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 014-punctuation-that-changes-meaning.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2 1 A a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 dash dash NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 marks mark VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 sudden sudden ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 6 amod _ _ 6 break break NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 or or CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 adds add VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 9 extra extra ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 10 information information NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 like like ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 brackets bracket NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 nmod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=10:obl 14 ; ; PUNCT : _ 18 punct _ _ 15 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 16 det _ _ 16 hyphen hyphen NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 17 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 18 shorter short ADJ JJR Degree=Cmp 3 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=3:conj 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 20 joins join VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 conj _ _ 21 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 obj _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 23 as as SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 24 in in SCONJ IN _ 27 mark _ _ 25 well well ADV RB Degree=Pos 27 advmod _ _ 26 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 25 punct _ _ 27 known know VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 18 conj _ _ 28 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **mark** | present | a dash | a sudden break | | | | | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent break=Destination | | 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | a dash *not said here* | extra information | | | | like brackets | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent information=Patient | | 3 | **is** | present | a hyphen | | | | | short *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **join** | present | a hyphen *not said here* | words | | | | | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Patient | | 5 | **know** | participle | a hyphen *not said here* | | | | | well *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:014-punctuation-that-changes-meaning.lesson:17`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Punctuation that changes meaning, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/14-punctuation-that-changes-meaning/16/) - next →: [Punctuation that changes meaning, 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/14-punctuation-that-changes-meaning/18/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/14-punctuation-that-changes-meaning/)