--- title: None of these is "broken English"; each has its own rules, and a sma… — Accents and dialects around the world · tree and pragmatics description: None of these is "broken English"; each has its own rules, and a smart listener uses the situation to work out new words, then asks. Who acts: None, each, smart listener, mix. A sentence of the lesson «Accents and dialects around the world» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its de --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/19-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Accents and dialects around the world](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/19-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world/) / 4 # Accents and dialects around the world, sentence 4 None of these is "broken English"; each has its own rules, and a smart listener uses the situation to work out new words, then asks. **Who acts:** None, each, smart listener, mix · **What happens:** be, have, use, work out, ask, rule · **To what, where:** broken English, own rules, situation, new words · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is a sentence of the lesson «Accents and dialects around the world» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (None, each, smart listener, mix), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:019-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world.lesson:4 # text = None of these is "broken English"; each has its own rules, and a smart listener uses the situation to work out new words, then asks. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 019-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1 1 None none PRON NN PronType=Neg 7 nsubj _ _ 2 of of ADP IN _ 3 case _ _ 3 these this PRON DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 1 nmod _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 cop _ _ 5 " " PUNCT `` _ 7 punct _ _ 6 broken broken ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 amod _ _ 7 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 parataxis _ _ 8 " " PUNCT '' _ 7 punct _ _ 9 ; ; PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 10 each each DET DT PronType=Tot 11 nsubj _ _ 11 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 7 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=7:acl:relcl 12 its its PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ _ 13 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 rules rule NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obj _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 20 cc _ _ 17 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 18 smart smart ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 listener listener NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 nsubj _ _ 20 uses use VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 conj _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 situation situation NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 obj _ _ 23 to to PART TO _ 24 mark _ _ 24 work work VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 advcl _ _ 25 out out ADP RP _ 24 compound:prt _ _ 26 new new ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 27 amod _ _ 27 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 28 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 29 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 30 advmod _ _ 30 asks ask VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 30 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | None | broken English | | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **have** | present | each | mix's own rules | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient | | 3 | **use** | present | a smart listener | the situation | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent situation=Patient | | 4 | **work out** | to-infinitive | a smart listener *not said here* | new words | | | | | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Topic | | 5 | **ask** *speech: ask* | present | | | | | then | | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **rule** | | mix | | | | | | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:019-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Accents and dialects around the world, 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/19-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world/3/) - next →: [Accents and dialects around the world, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/19-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/19-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world/)