---
title: In Australia "togs" means swimsuit, "thongs" means flip-flops and "a… — Accents and dialects around the world · tree and pragmatics
description: In Australia "togs" means swimsuit, "thongs" means flip-flops and "arvo" means afternoon; in other countries "thongs" can mean something different, which causes funny mix-ups. Who acts: togs, thongs, arvo. A sentence of the lesson «Accents and dialects around the world» of the language course of Mov
---

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# Accents and dialects around the world, sentence 6

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Australia "togs" means swimsuit, "thongs" means flip-flops and "arvo" means afternoon; in other countries "thongs" can mean something different, which causes funny mix-ups.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** togs, thongs, arvo · **What happens:** mean, cause · **To what, where:** swimsuit, flip flops, something, funny mix ups

<!-- .vabout -->
This is a sentence of the lesson «Accents and dialects around the world» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (togs, thongs, arvo), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:language:019-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world.lesson:6
# text = In Australia "togs" means swimsuit, "thongs" means flip-flops and "arvo" means afternoon; in other countries "thongs" can mean something different, which causes funny mix-ups.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = language
# lesson = 019-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
3	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	_
4	togs	tog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	swimsuit	swimsuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	_
10	thongs	thong	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
11	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
12	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
13	flip	flip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	compound	_	_
14	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	13	punct	_	_
15	flops	flop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
17	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	_
18	arvo	arvo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
19	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
20	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
21	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
22	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
23	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	amod	_	_
25	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obl	_	_
26	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	_
27	thongs	thong	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj	_	_
28	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	27	punct	_	_
29	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	parataxis	_	_
31	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	30	obj	_	_
32	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	35	nsubj	_	_
35	causes	cause	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	31	acl:relcl	_	_
36	funny	funny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
37	mix	mix	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	compound	_	_
38	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	37	punct	_	_
39	ups	up	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	35	obj	_	_
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | togs | swimsuit |  |  |  | in Australia | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot swimsuit=Theme in australia=Attribute |
| 2 | **mean** | present | thongs | flip flops |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flop=Topic |
| 3 | **mean** | present | arvo |  |  |  | afternoon |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **mean** | can | thongs | something |  |  |  | in other countries | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot something=Theme in country=Attribute |
| 5 | **cause** | present |  | funny mix ups |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition up=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:019-accents-and-dialects-around-the-world.lesson:6`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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