--- title: Double negatives were normal in Chaucer's English in the 1300s and a… — Is there one proper English? The big arguments · tree and pragmatics description: Double negatives were normal in Chaucer's English in the 1300s and are normal in Ukrainian and French; standard English uses only one. Who acts: Double negatives, standard English. A sentence of the lesson «Is there one proper English? The big arguments» of the language course of Mova's primary scho --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/20-is-there-one-proper-english/9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Is there one proper English? The big a…](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/20-is-there-one-proper-english/) / 9 # Is there one proper English? The big arguments, sentence 9 Double negatives were normal in Chaucer's English in the 1300s and are normal in Ukrainian and French; standard English uses only one. **Who acts:** Double negatives, standard English · **What happens:** be, use · **To what, where:** English, Ukrainian, one This is a sentence of the lesson «Is there one proper English? The big arguments» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Double negatives, standard English), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:020-is-there-one-proper-english.lesson:9 # text = Double negatives were normal in Chaucer's English in the 1300s and are normal in Ukrainian and French; standard English uses only one. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 020-is-there-one-proper-english.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2 1 Double double ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 amod _ _ 2 negatives negative NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 nsubj _ _ 3 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 cop _ _ 4 normal normal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 5 in in ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 6 Chaucer chaucer PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nmod:poss _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=8:nmod:poss|HaikuPos=NOUN:NN:Number=Sing 7 's 's PART POS _ 6 case _ _ 8 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 1300s 1300 NOUN NNS Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card 4 obl _ _ 12 and and CCONJ CC _ 14 cc _ _ 13 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 14 normal normal ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 conj _ _ 15 in in ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 Ukrainian ukrainian ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 obl _ Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=14:obl|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 French French PROPN NNP Number=Sing 16 conj _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 20 standard standard ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 amod _ _ 21 English English PROPN NNP Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 uses use VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=4:conj 23 only only ADV RB _ 24 advmod _ _ 24 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 22 obj _ _ 25 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | Double negatives | | | Chaucer's English | | in the 1300s; normal *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **is** | present | Double negatives *not said here* | | | Ukrainian and French | | normal *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **use** | present | standard English | one | | | | | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:020-is-there-one-proper-english.lesson:9`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Is there one proper English? The big a…, 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/20-is-there-one-proper-english/8/) - next →: [Is there one proper English? The big a…, 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/20-is-there-one-proper-english/10/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/20-is-there-one-proper-english/)