---
title: In 1066 the Normans from France conquered England; for about 300 yea… — Where English came from · tree and pragmatics
description: In 1066 the Normans from France conquered England; for about 300 years the rulers mostly spoke French, while most people kept speaking English. Who acts: Normans, rulers, most people. A sentence of the lesson «Where English came from» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependen
---

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# Where English came from, sentence 10

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In 1066 the Normans from France conquered England; for about 300 years the rulers mostly spoke French, while most people kept speaking English.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Normans, rulers, most people · **What happens:** conquer, speak, keep · **To what, where:** England, 1066, French, English · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is a sentence of the lesson «Where English came from» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Normans, rulers, most people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = school:language:022-where-english-came-from.lesson:10
# text = In 1066 the Normans from France conquered England; for about 300 years the rulers mostly spoke French, while most people kept speaking English.
# source = school lesson (ours)
# course = language
# lesson = 022-where-english-came-from.lesson
# annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	1066	1066	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Normans	Norman	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	Agree=R8-pos-agree|Haiku=7:nsubj|HaikuPos=NOUN:NNS:Number=Plur
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	conquered	conquer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	about	about	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	300	300	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	rulers	ruler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj	_	_
16	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
17	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
18	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
21	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	22	amod	_	_
22	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
23	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	advcl	_	Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=17:conj
24	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	xcomp	_	_
25	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obj	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **conquer** | past | the Normans from France | England |  | 1066 |  |  | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent england=Patient |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | the rulers | French |  |  | year | mostly *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **keep** | past | most people |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund | most people *not said here* | English |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

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**Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:022-where-english-came-from.lesson:10`.

**The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R7-rel-agree ×1, R8-pos-agree ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence.

See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/).

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