--- title: William Caxton brought the printing press to England in 1476; printe… — Where English came from · tree and pragmatics description: William Caxton brought the printing press to England in 1476; printers had to choose spellings, and many of their choices stuck. Who acts: William, printers, many. A sentence of the lesson «Where English came from» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the prag --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Where English came from](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/) / 15 # Where English came from, sentence 15 William Caxton brought the printing press to England in 1476; printers had to choose spellings, and many of their choices stuck. **Who acts:** William, printers, many · **What happens:** bring, have, choose, stick · **To what, where:** printing press, England, 1476, spellings This is a sentence of the lesson «Where English came from» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (William, printers, many), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:022-where-english-came-from.lesson:15 # text = William Caxton brought the printing press to England in 1476; printers had to choose spellings, and many of their choices stuck. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 022-where-english-came-from.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1 1 William William PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 2 Caxton Caxton PROPN NNP Number=Sing 1 flat _ _ 3 brought bring VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 6 det _ _ 5 printing printing NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 compound _ _ 6 press press NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obj _ _ 7 to to ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 8 England England PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 9 in in ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 1476 1476 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 3 obl _ _ 11 ; ; PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 12 printers printer NOUN NNS Number=Plur 13 nsubj _ _ 13 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 parataxis _ _ 14 to to PART TO _ 15 mark _ _ 15 choose choose VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 xcomp _ _ 16 spellings spelling NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 obj _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ Agree=R2-punct-next|Haiku=13:punct 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 19 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 23 nsubj _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 22 nmod:poss _ _ 22 choices choice NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nmod _ _ 23 stuck stick VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 24 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **bring** | past | William | the printing press | England | 1476 | | | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent press=Theme to england=Destination | | 2 | **have** | past | printers | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **choose** | to-infinitive | printers *not said here* | spellings | | | | | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spelling=Theme | | 4 | **stick** | past | many of printers's choices | | | | | | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:022-where-english-came-from.lesson:15`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R2-punct-next ×1. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Where English came from, 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/14/) - next →: [Where English came from, 16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/16/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/)