--- title: Later the vowel sounds slid about, the printing press arrived, and s… — Where English came from · tree and pragmatics description: Later the vowel sounds slid about, the printing press arrived, and spelling got stuck while the sounds kept moving, which is one reason English spelling is so odd today. Who acts: vowel sounds, printing press, spelling, sounds. A sentence of the lesson «Where English came from» of the language cours --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Where English came from](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/) / 4 # Where English came from, sentence 4 Later the vowel sounds slid about, the printing press arrived, and spelling got stuck while the sounds kept moving, which is one reason English spelling is so odd today. **Who acts:** vowel sounds, printing press, spelling, sounds, English spelling · **What happens:** slide, arrive, get, keep, move, be · **To what, where:** one reason This is a sentence of the lesson «Where English came from» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (vowel sounds, printing press, spelling, sounds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:022-where-english-came-from.lesson:4 # text = Later the vowel sounds slid about, the printing press arrived, and spelling got stuck while the sounds kept moving, which is one reason English spelling is so odd today. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 022-where-english-came-from.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change 1 Later late ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 5 advmod _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 vowel vowel NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 4 sounds sound NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ _ 5 slid slide VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 about about ADV RB _ 5 advmod _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 8 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 9 printing printing NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 compound _ _ 10 press press NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 11 arrived arrive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 15 cc _ _ 14 spelling spelling NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ _ 15 got get VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 conj _ _ 16 stuck stuck ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 15 xcomp _ _ 17 while while SCONJ IN _ 20 mark _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 sounds sound NOUN NNS Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ _ 20 kept keep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 advcl _ _ 21 moving move VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 20 xcomp _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 23 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 26 nsubj _ _ 24 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 cop _ _ 25 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 26 nummod _ _ 26 reason reason NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 acl:relcl _ _ 27 English English ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 spelling spelling NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 29 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 31 cop _ _ 30 so so ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 31 odd odd ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 26 acl _ _ 32 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl:unmarked _ _ 33 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} No stored speech act for this sentence. | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **slide** | past | the vowel sounds | | | | | about, late *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **arrive** | past | the printing press | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **get** | past | spelling | | | | | stuck *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **keep** | past | the sounds | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **move** | gerund | the sounds *not said here* | | | | | | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **is a** | present | | one reason | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **is** | present | English spelling | one reason *not said here* | | | today | odd *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:022-where-english-came-from.lesson:4`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): no change. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Where English came from, 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/1/) - next →: [Where English came from, 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/5/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/)