--- title: "Beowulf" is an Old English poem about a hero, written down about 1,… — Where English came from · tree and pragmatics description: "Beowulf" is an Old English poem about a hero, written down about 1,000 years ago; today it has to be translated. Who acts: Beowulf, language. A sentence of the lesson «Where English came from» of the language course of Mova's primary school with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [school](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/) / [Language](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/) / [Where English came from](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/) / 8 # Where English came from, sentence 8 "Beowulf" is an Old English poem about a hero, written down about 1,000 years ago; today it has to be translated. **Who acts:** Beowulf, language · **What happens:** be, write down, have, translate · **To what, where:** Old English poem This is a sentence of the lesson «Where English came from» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Beowulf, language), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = school:language:022-where-english-came-from.lesson:8 # text = "Beowulf" is an Old English poem about a hero, written down about 1,000 years ago; today it has to be translated. # source = school lesson (ours) # course = language # lesson = 022-where-english-came-from.lesson # annotation = Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2 1 " " PUNCT `` _ 2 punct _ _ 2 Beowulf Beowulf PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ _ 3 " " PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ 4 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 5 an a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 6 Old old ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ _ 7 English English ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 amod _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:compound|HaikuPos=PROPN:NNP:Number=Sing 8 poem poem NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 9 about about ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 hero hero NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 written write VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 parataxis _ _ 14 down down ADP RP _ 13 compound:prt _ _ 15 about about ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 16 1,000 1000 NUM CD NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card 17 nummod _ _ 17 years year NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 obl:unmarked _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=13:obl:unmarked 18 ago ago ADV RB _ 13 advmod _ Agree=R5-strong|Haiku=17:advmod 19 ; ; PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 20 today today NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl:unmarked _ _ 21 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 has have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 8 parataxis _ Agree=R7-rel-agree|Haiku=8:conj 23 to to PART TO _ 25 mark _ _ 24 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 25 aux:pass _ _ 25 translated translate VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 22 xcomp _ _ 26 . . PUNCT . _ 8 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: other - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | Beowulf | a Old English poem | | | | about a hero | tree rules | | 2 | **write down** | participle | | | | | | ago *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **have** | present | language | | | | today | | tree rules | | 4 | **translate** | to-infinitive · passive | language *not said here* | | | | | | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V» | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. **Licence: [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)**, as the whole of Mova corpus 0.4, of which this treebank (the agreed school, `mova-school-agreed-en.conllu`) is part. The lessons were written for Mova's primary school. Sentence `school:language:022-where-english-came-from.lesson:8`. **The tree:** Mova annot: Rust (en) → Haiku 5.5 (medium, Batches API) patches; gates UD 2.18; agreed by treeagree rules (Stanza, Trankit, spaCy trf): R5-strong ×2, R7-rel-agree ×2. **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the lesson read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence. See the [release 0.4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/releases/0.4/). - ← previous: [Where English came from, 6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/6/) - next →: [Where English came from, 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/9/) - ↑ back to [the lesson](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/school/language/22-where-english-came-from/)